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DigestiveICD-10: K57.32Diverticulosis affects about 50% of people over age 60; 10-25% develop diverticulitis

Diverticulitis

Also known as: Diverticular Disease, Inflamed Diverticula

Diverticulitis occurs when small pouches (diverticula) that form in the walls of the colon become inflamed or infected. Diverticula themselves (diverticulosis) are common and usually harmless, but when they become infected, the resulting diverticulitis can cause significant abdominal pain, fever, and digestive disturbances. Mild cases can be treated with antibiotics and dietary changes, while severe or complicated cases may require hospitalization or surgery.

Symptoms

Pain in the lower left abdomen (most common location)
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Change in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea)
Bloating and gas
Abdominal tenderness
Loss of appetite

Causes

  • Inflammation or infection of pre-existing diverticula
  • Micro-perforations in the diverticular wall
  • Diverticula forming due to increased pressure in the colon
  • Age-related weakening of the colon wall

Risk Factors

  • Age over 40 (risk increases with age)
  • Low-fiber diet
  • Obesity
  • Lack of physical exercise
  • Smoking
  • Regular use of NSAIDs or steroids

Diagnosis

  • CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis (primary diagnostic test)
  • Complete blood count showing elevated white blood cells
  • Physical examination for abdominal tenderness
  • Colonoscopy (performed after acute episode resolves, typically 6-8 weeks later)

Treatment

  • Clear liquid diet progressing to low-fiber then high-fiber diet
  • Oral antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, or amoxicillin-clavulanate)
  • Pain management with acetaminophen (avoid NSAIDs)
  • IV antibiotics and bowel rest for severe cases
  • Percutaneous drainage of abscess if present
  • Surgery (colectomy) for recurrent or complicated diverticulitis

Prevention

  • Eat a high-fiber diet (25-35 grams per day)
  • Drink plenty of water
  • Exercise regularly
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Avoid smoking

When to See a Doctor

  • You develop persistent abdominal pain, especially in the lower left side
  • You have a fever along with abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits
  • You notice blood in your stool
  • Abdominal pain is severe or rapidly worsening—seek emergency care

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Crohn's Disease

Autoimmune

Colorectal Cancer

Cancer

Appendicitis

Digestive

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.