Hepatitis A
Also known as: Hep A, HAV Infection
Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus, typically spread through contaminated food, water, or close contact. Unlike hepatitis B and C, hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease and almost always resolves completely. A safe and effective vaccine provides long-lasting protection.
Symptoms
Causes
- Hepatitis A virus transmitted via the fecal-oral route
- Consuming contaminated food or water
- Close personal contact with an infected individual
- Travel to regions with poor sanitation
Risk Factors
- Traveling to countries with high hepatitis A rates
- Men who have sex with men
- Use of recreational drugs
- Living in areas with poor sanitation
- Close contact with an infected person
Diagnosis
- Blood test for IgM anti-HAV antibodies (acute infection)
- Total anti-HAV antibodies (immunity)
- Liver function tests showing elevated AST and ALT
- Clinical evaluation of symptoms and exposure history
Treatment
- No specific antiviral treatment; resolves on its own
- Rest and avoidance of strenuous activity
- Adequate hydration and nutrition
- Avoidance of alcohol and hepatotoxic medications
- Hospitalization for severe cases
Prevention
- Get the hepatitis A vaccine
- Practice good hand hygiene
- Avoid raw or undercooked shellfish
- Drink bottled or purified water when traveling internationally
When to See a Doctor
- You develop jaundice or dark urine
- Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain is severe or persistent
- You have been exposed to someone with hepatitis A
- Symptoms have not improved after several weeks
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Conditions
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