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InfectiousICD-10: B15About 24,900 new infections estimated annually in the U.S.

Hepatitis A

Also known as: Hep A, HAV Infection

Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus, typically spread through contaminated food, water, or close contact. Unlike hepatitis B and C, hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease and almost always resolves completely. A safe and effective vaccine provides long-lasting protection.

Symptoms

Fatigue and malaise
Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite
Abdominal pain near the liver (upper right area)
Low-grade fever
Dark-colored urine
Clay-colored stools
Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)
Joint pain

Causes

  • Hepatitis A virus transmitted via the fecal-oral route
  • Consuming contaminated food or water
  • Close personal contact with an infected individual
  • Travel to regions with poor sanitation

Risk Factors

  • Traveling to countries with high hepatitis A rates
  • Men who have sex with men
  • Use of recreational drugs
  • Living in areas with poor sanitation
  • Close contact with an infected person

Diagnosis

  • Blood test for IgM anti-HAV antibodies (acute infection)
  • Total anti-HAV antibodies (immunity)
  • Liver function tests showing elevated AST and ALT
  • Clinical evaluation of symptoms and exposure history

Treatment

  • No specific antiviral treatment; resolves on its own
  • Rest and avoidance of strenuous activity
  • Adequate hydration and nutrition
  • Avoidance of alcohol and hepatotoxic medications
  • Hospitalization for severe cases

Prevention

  • Get the hepatitis A vaccine
  • Practice good hand hygiene
  • Avoid raw or undercooked shellfish
  • Drink bottled or purified water when traveling internationally

When to See a Doctor

  • You develop jaundice or dark urine
  • Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain is severe or persistent
  • You have been exposed to someone with hepatitis A
  • Symptoms have not improved after several weeks

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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