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CancerICD-10: C44Most common cancer in the US with over 5 million cases treated annually

Skin Cancer

Also known as: Cutaneous malignancy

Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells, most commonly caused by excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds. The three main types are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma, with melanoma being the most dangerous. Early detection through regular skin checks dramatically improves treatment outcomes.

Symptoms

New or changing mole or skin growth
A sore that does not heal
Pearly or waxy bump on the skin
Flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion
Irregular borders, color, or shape in a mole
Itching, tenderness, or pain in a skin lesion
Bleeding or oozing from a skin spot
Changes in size, shape, or color of an existing mole

Causes

  • Cumulative ultraviolet radiation exposure from sunlight
  • Use of tanning beds and sunlamps
  • DNA damage in skin cells from UV radiation
  • Exposure to certain chemicals such as arsenic

Risk Factors

  • Fair skin with light hair and eyes
  • History of severe sunburns especially in childhood
  • Excessive sun exposure or tanning bed use
  • Family or personal history of skin cancer
  • Many moles or atypical moles
  • Weakened immune system

Diagnosis

  • Skin examination using the ABCDE criteria for moles
  • Dermoscopy for detailed lesion evaluation
  • Skin biopsy for histopathological examination
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma staging
  • Imaging studies for advanced-stage cancer

Treatment

  • Surgical excision of the cancerous tissue
  • Mohs micrographic surgery for precise removal
  • Cryotherapy for superficial lesions
  • Radiation therapy for non-surgical candidates
  • Immunotherapy and targeted therapy for advanced melanoma
  • Topical chemotherapy creams for superficial basal or squamous cell carcinoma

Prevention

  • Applying broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen daily
  • Wearing protective clothing and wide-brimmed hats
  • Avoiding sun exposure during peak hours of 10 AM to 4 PM
  • Avoiding tanning beds completely
  • Performing monthly skin self-examinations

When to See a Doctor

  • Any new, changing, or unusual skin growth
  • A mole that changes in size, shape, or color
  • A sore that does not heal within a few weeks
  • Any skin lesion that bleeds, itches, or is painful

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Melanoma

Cancer

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.