Transient Ischemic Attack
Also known as: TIA, Mini-stroke
A transient ischemic attack is a temporary episode of neurological symptoms caused by a brief interruption of blood flow to the brain, spinal cord, or retina. Unlike a stroke, a TIA does not cause permanent brain damage, and symptoms typically resolve within minutes to hours. A TIA is a serious warning sign that a major stroke may occur and requires urgent medical evaluation.
Symptoms
Causes
- Temporary blood clot blocking an artery supplying the brain
- Atherosclerotic plaque causing transient arterial blockage
- Blood clots from the heart due to atrial fibrillation
- Carotid artery disease
Risk Factors
- High blood pressure
- Atrial fibrillation
- Diabetes
- High cholesterol
- Smoking
- Previous TIA or stroke
Diagnosis
- Urgent neurological assessment
- Brain imaging with CT or MRI
- Carotid ultrasound or CT angiography
- Echocardiogram and heart rhythm monitoring
- Blood tests for cholesterol, glucose, and clotting factors
Treatment
- Antiplatelet medications such as aspirin or clopidogrel
- Anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation
- Statin therapy for cholesterol management
- Blood pressure-lowering medications
- Carotid endarterectomy or stenting for significant carotid artery narrowing
- Lifestyle modifications including diet and exercise
Prevention
- Managing blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar
- Taking prescribed medications consistently
- Quitting smoking
- Regular physical exercise
- Maintaining a healthy weight
When to See a Doctor
- Any sudden stroke-like symptoms, even if they resolve quickly
- TIA is a medical emergency requiring immediate evaluation
- Previous TIA with new or recurring symptoms
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Conditions
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