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MusculoskeletalICD-10: M71.9Extremely common; affects millions of people annually

Bursitis

Also known as: Joint Bursitis, Shoulder Bursitis, Hip Bursitis

Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that cushions bones, tendons, and muscles near joints. It most commonly affects the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee and is often caused by repetitive movements or prolonged pressure on a joint. Most cases resolve with rest and conservative treatment, but chronic or infected bursitis may require more intensive intervention.

Symptoms

Joint pain that worsens with movement or pressure
Swelling around the affected joint
Stiffness and limited range of motion
Warmth and redness over the affected area
Pain that increases at night
Tenderness when pressing on the joint

Causes

  • Repetitive motions or overuse (throwing, lifting, kneeling)
  • Prolonged pressure on a joint (kneeling, leaning on elbows)
  • Acute injury or trauma to the joint
  • Infection of the bursa (septic bursitis)
  • Underlying conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, gout)

Risk Factors

  • Occupations involving repetitive joint movements
  • Age (bursitis becomes more common with age)
  • Hobbies requiring repetitive motion (gardening, tennis)
  • Obesity (increases pressure on hip and knee bursae)
  • Diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination of the affected joint
  • X-rays to rule out fractures or arthritis
  • MRI or ultrasound to visualize bursal inflammation
  • Aspiration of bursal fluid to test for infection or crystals

Treatment

  • Rest, ice, and elevation of the affected joint
  • NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) for pain and inflammation
  • Corticosteroid injections for persistent inflammation
  • Physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles
  • Antibiotics if septic bursitis is confirmed
  • Surgical bursa removal (bursectomy) in chronic cases

Prevention

  • Use cushioning pads when kneeling or resting on elbows
  • Take frequent breaks during repetitive activities
  • Strengthen muscles around commonly affected joints
  • Warm up and stretch before physical activity

When to See a Doctor

  • Joint pain or swelling does not improve with rest and self-care
  • The affected area becomes red, hot, and severely painful (possible infection)
  • You develop a fever along with joint swelling
  • Pain prevents you from performing daily activities

Frequently Asked Questions

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.