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Eye & EarICD-10: H25.9Affects more than 24 million Americans over age 40

Cataracts

Also known as: Cataract, Lens Opacity, Cloudy Lens

A cataract is a clouding of the eye's natural lens that lies behind the iris and pupil, causing vision to become blurry, hazy, or less colorful. Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide and develop gradually as proteins in the lens break down with age. Cataract surgery is one of the most common and successful surgeries performed, restoring clear vision in over 95% of patients.

Symptoms

Blurry, clouded, or dim vision
Increasing difficulty with vision at night
Sensitivity to light and glare
Need for brighter light for reading and close activities
Seeing halos around lights
Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription
Fading or yellowing of colors
Double vision in one eye

Causes

  • Age-related protein breakdown in the lens
  • Ultraviolet radiation exposure over time
  • Previous eye surgery or eye injuries
  • Long-term corticosteroid use
  • Diabetes and other metabolic disorders

Risk Factors

  • Age over 60 (most significant risk factor)
  • Diabetes
  • Excessive sun exposure without UV protection
  • Smoking
  • Heavy alcohol use
  • Family history of cataracts

Diagnosis

  • Comprehensive dilated eye examination
  • Visual acuity test (eye chart)
  • Slit-lamp examination to view lens structures
  • Retinal examination after pupil dilation

Treatment

  • Updated eyeglass or contact lens prescription for early cataracts
  • Cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) with intraocular lens implant
  • Premium lens options (multifocal, toric for astigmatism)
  • Anti-glare sunglasses and magnifying aids in the interim

Prevention

  • Wear sunglasses that block UVA and UVB rays
  • Quit smoking
  • Manage diabetes and blood sugar levels
  • Eat a diet rich in antioxidants (fruits, vegetables)
  • Get regular eye examinations

When to See a Doctor

  • You notice gradual blurring or clouding of your vision
  • Night driving becomes difficult due to glare or halos
  • Vision changes interfere with daily activities like reading or driving
  • You experience sudden vision changes (may indicate other eye conditions)

Frequently Asked Questions

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.