Skip to main content
Mother Nature AI
InfectiousICD-10: A60About 1 in 6 Americans aged 14–49 have genital HSV-2 infection

Genital Herpes

Also known as: HSV-2 Infection, Herpes Genitalis

Genital herpes is a common STI caused primarily by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though HSV-1 can also cause genital lesions. Many infected individuals are asymptomatic yet can still transmit the virus. While there is no cure, antiviral medications reduce outbreak frequency, severity, and transmission risk.

Symptoms

Painful blisters or open sores in the genital or anal area
Tingling, itching, or burning before an outbreak (prodrome)
Pain during urination if sores are near the urethra
Flu-like symptoms during the first outbreak
Recurrent outbreaks that are usually shorter and less severe
Vaginal or urethral discharge

Causes

  • HSV-2 transmitted through sexual contact
  • HSV-1 transmitted through oral-to-genital contact
  • Skin-to-skin contact with an infected person, even without visible sores
  • Asymptomatic viral shedding between outbreaks

Risk Factors

  • Multiple sexual partners
  • Unprotected sexual contact
  • Female sex
  • History of other STIs
  • Immunocompromised state

Diagnosis

  • Viral culture or PCR test of fluid from an active sore
  • Type-specific serologic blood tests for HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies
  • Tzanck smear (less commonly used)
  • Clinical examination of characteristic lesions

Treatment

  • Antiviral medications: acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir
  • Episodic therapy at outbreak onset to shorten duration
  • Suppressive daily therapy to reduce outbreaks and transmission
  • Pain management with topical anesthetics or oral analgesics

Prevention

  • Use condoms consistently during sexual activity
  • Avoid sexual contact during active outbreaks
  • Daily suppressive antiviral therapy for discordant partners
  • Open communication with sexual partners about STI status

When to See a Doctor

  • You notice unusual sores or blisters in the genital area
  • A sexual partner has been diagnosed with herpes
  • Outbreaks are frequent or severely painful
  • You are pregnant and have a history of genital herpes

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Herpes Simplex

Infectious

HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

Infectious

HIV/AIDS

Infectious

Chlamydia

Infectious

Have questions about Genital Herpes?

Ask Mother Nature AI for personalized, evidence-based guidance.

Ask about Genital Herpes

Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.