InfectiousICD-10: B97.7About 42 million Americans have HPV; nearly 80% will be infected at some point
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
Also known as: Human Papillomavirus, Genital Warts Virus
HPV is the most common STI, with over 200 types identified. Most infections are harmless and clear on their own, but certain high-risk strains (HPV 16, 18) can cause cervical, throat, anal, and other cancers. The HPV vaccine is highly effective at preventing infection with the most dangerous strains.
Symptoms
Most HPV infections cause no symptoms
Genital warts (flesh-colored bumps in the genital area)
Common warts on hands or fingers
Plantar warts on feet
Flat warts on the face or legs
Abnormal Pap smear results
Causes
- HPV transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, primarily sexual
- Over 40 types can infect the genital area
- High-risk types (HPV 16, 18) cause most HPV-related cancers
- Low-risk types (HPV 6, 11) cause most genital warts
Risk Factors
- Multiple sexual partners
- Unvaccinated status
- Weakened immune system
- Early onset of sexual activity
- Skin-to-skin contact with infected individuals
Diagnosis
- Pap smear to detect cervical cell abnormalities
- HPV DNA test to identify high-risk strains
- Visual examination for genital warts
- Biopsy of abnormal lesions
Treatment
- Most infections clear without treatment within 1–2 years
- Topical treatments for warts: imiquimod, podophyllin, trichloroacetic acid
- Cryotherapy or electrocautery for wart removal
- LEEP for cervical precancers
- Regular Pap smear surveillance
Prevention
- HPV vaccination — recommended ages 11–12, catch-up through age 26
- Routine cervical cancer screening
- Consistent condom use
- Limiting number of sexual partners
When to See a Doctor
- You notice unusual bumps or growths in the genital area
- Your Pap smear shows abnormal results
- You are unsure of your HPV vaccination status
- You are over 30 and have never been screened
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Conditions
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