DigestiveICD-10: K64Affects approximately 50% of adults over age 50
Hemorrhoids
Also known as: Piles, Haemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus that can develop internally or externally. They are extremely common, affecting about half of adults by age 50. Most hemorrhoids can be managed with home remedies and lifestyle changes, though persistent cases may require medical procedures.
Symptoms
Painless bleeding during bowel movements (bright red blood)
Itching or irritation around the anus
Pain or discomfort, especially with external hemorrhoids
Swelling or a lump near the anus
Mucus discharge after bowel movements
Feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation
Causes
- Straining during bowel movements
- Chronic constipation or diarrhea
- Sitting on the toilet for prolonged periods
- Increased pressure from pregnancy and childbirth
- Weakening of supportive tissues with aging
Risk Factors
- Age over 50
- Pregnancy
- Low-fiber diet
- Chronic constipation
- Heavy lifting
- Obesity
Diagnosis
- Visual inspection for external hemorrhoids
- Digital rectal examination
- Anoscopy to visualize internal hemorrhoids
- Colonoscopy if bleeding is atypical or cancer must be excluded
Treatment
- Increased fiber intake (25–30 grams daily) and adequate hydration
- Over-the-counter topical treatments (hydrocortisone, witch hazel)
- Warm sitz baths for 10–15 minutes several times daily
- Rubber band ligation for internal hemorrhoids
- Sclerotherapy or infrared coagulation
- Hemorrhoidectomy for severe or recurrent cases
Prevention
- Eat a high-fiber diet
- Drink 6–8 glasses of water daily
- Avoid straining or sitting on the toilet for long periods
- Exercise regularly to prevent constipation
When to See a Doctor
- Rectal bleeding occurs for the first time or is persistent
- Symptoms don't improve after a week of home treatment
- You notice a change in bowel habits or stool color
- You experience significant pain from a thrombosed hemorrhoid
Frequently Asked Questions
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