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UrologicalICD-10: N41.0Affects approximately 10-15% of men at some point in their lives

Prostatitis

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland that can cause pain, difficulty urinating, and sexual dysfunction in men of all ages. It may be caused by a bacterial infection or by non-infectious factors such as nerve damage or immune system disorders. Prostatitis is one of the most common urological conditions, and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) accounts for the majority of cases.

Symptoms

Pain or burning during urination (dysuria)
Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia)
Urgent need to urinate
Pain in the groin, pelvic area, or lower back
Pain or discomfort in the perineum (area between scrotum and rectum)
Painful ejaculation
Cloudy or bloody urine
Flu-like symptoms including fever and chills (acute bacterial prostatitis)

Causes

  • Bacterial infection spreading from the urinary tract or bloodstream
  • Nerve damage in the lower urinary tract from surgery or trauma
  • Immune system dysfunction or autoimmune response
  • Pelvic floor muscle spasm or tension
  • Urine flowing backward into the prostate ducts (intraprostatic reflux)

Risk Factors

  • Previous history of prostatitis
  • Recent urinary tract infection
  • Use of a urinary catheter
  • Pelvic trauma or injury from bicycling or horseback riding
  • HIV/AIDS or other immunocompromising conditions
  • Enlarged prostate (BPH)

Diagnosis

  • Digital rectal exam (DRE) to assess prostate tenderness and swelling
  • Urinalysis and urine culture to identify bacterial infection
  • Expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) analysis
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test
  • Transrectal ultrasound or MRI to visualize the prostate

Treatment

  • Antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) for bacterial prostatitis
  • Alpha-blockers (tamsulosin, alfuzosin) to relax the bladder neck and prostate
  • Anti-inflammatory medications (ibuprofen, naproxen) for pain relief
  • Pelvic floor physical therapy for chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  • Warm sitz baths to relieve discomfort
  • Stress management techniques and biofeedback therapy

Prevention

  • Stay well-hydrated and urinate regularly
  • Practice good hygiene and safe sexual practices
  • Avoid prolonged sitting or cycling without breaks
  • Manage stress through relaxation techniques
  • Seek prompt treatment for urinary tract infections

When to See a Doctor

  • You experience sudden severe pelvic pain with fever and chills
  • You have persistent difficulty urinating or blood in your urine
  • Pelvic or groin pain lasts more than a few days and interferes with daily activities

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Type 2 Diabetes

Endocrine

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Musculoskeletal

Anxiety Disorders

Mental Health

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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