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Mental HealthICD-10: F41.1Affects approximately 19% of U.S. adults annually

Anxiety Disorders

Also known as: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD, Anxiety, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive, persistent worry and fear that interfere with daily activities. They include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias. Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health conditions and are highly treatable through therapy, medication, or a combination of both.

Symptoms

Excessive, uncontrollable worry about everyday matters
Restlessness or feeling on edge
Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
Irritability
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbances (difficulty falling or staying asleep)
Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
Sweating, trembling, or shaking
Shortness of breath or feeling smothered
Avoidance of anxiety-provoking situations

Causes

  • Imbalance of brain neurotransmitters (serotonin, GABA, norepinephrine)
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Traumatic or stressful life experiences
  • Medical conditions (thyroid disorders, heart disease)
  • Substance use or withdrawal

Risk Factors

  • Family history of anxiety or other mental health disorders
  • Childhood trauma or abuse
  • Ongoing stressful life events
  • Female sex (anxiety is more common in women)
  • Co-occurring mental health conditions (depression, PTSD)

Diagnosis

  • Clinical interview using DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
  • Standardized screening tools (GAD-7, PHQ, BAI)
  • Physical examination to rule out medical causes
  • Blood tests to exclude thyroid or metabolic conditions

Treatment

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
  • Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
  • Benzodiazepines for short-term acute relief
  • Buspirone for generalized anxiety
  • Mindfulness-based stress reduction and relaxation techniques

Prevention

  • Practice regular physical exercise
  • Limit caffeine and alcohol intake
  • Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
  • Learn and practice stress management techniques
  • Build a strong social support network

When to See a Doctor

  • Worry or fear significantly interferes with work, school, or relationships
  • You experience panic attacks with physical symptoms
  • You use alcohol or drugs to cope with anxiety
  • You have thoughts of self-harm or suicide

Frequently Asked Questions

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.