Is seborrheic dermatitis the same as dandruff?

Dandruff is considered a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis limited to the scalp. More severe cases involve redness and inflammation beyond just flaking and can affect other oily areas of the body.

Is seborrheic dermatitis contagious?

No, seborrheic dermatitis is not contagious. While the Malassezia yeast involved is present on everyone's skin, the condition develops only in susceptible individuals.

Will cradle cap go away on its own?

Yes, cradle cap in infants usually resolves on its own within a few months. Gentle washing with baby shampoo and soft brushing of the scales can help. Persistent cases should be evaluated by a pediatrician.

DermatologicalICD-10: L21Affects 1-3% of the general population; dandruff affects up to 50% of adults

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Also known as: Dandruff, Cradle cap, Seborrhea

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common, chronic skin condition that causes red, scaly, and itchy patches primarily on the scalp, face, and chest where oil glands are most active. In infants, it is known as cradle cap. The exact cause involves a combination of genetics, yeast overgrowth, and oil production, and while it cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed with medicated shampoos and topical treatments.

Symptoms

Flaky white or yellowish scales on the scalp (dandruff)

Red, greasy skin covered with flaky white or yellow scales

Itching that may become severe

Patches on the scalp, eyebrows, sides of the nose, and behind the ears

Redness and scaling in the groin, armpits, or chest

Crusty yellowish scales on an infant's scalp (cradle cap)

Causes

Overgrowth of Malassezia yeast on the skin
Excess sebum production
Abnormal immune response to skin flora
Genetic predisposition

Risk Factors

Oily skin
Cold, dry weather
Stress and fatigue
Neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease
Weakened immune system, including HIV infection
Certain medications

Diagnosis

Clinical examination of characteristic skin changes
Skin biopsy if the diagnosis is uncertain
Ruling out other conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, or fungal infections

Treatment

Medicated shampoos containing ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, or zinc pyrithione
Topical antifungal creams for facial and body involvement
Low-potency topical corticosteroids for acute flares
Topical calcineurin inhibitors as steroid-sparing alternatives
Regular gentle cleansing of affected areas

Prevention

Regular use of medicated shampoos even during remission
Managing stress levels
Gentle skin care avoiding harsh soaps and products
Keeping skin clean and avoiding excessive oil buildup

When to See a Doctor

Persistent dandruff not controlled by over-the-counter shampoos
Red, inflamed patches spreading beyond the scalp
Itching that interferes with daily activities or sleep
Signs of secondary bacterial infection

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Psoriasis

Dermatological

Eczema

Dermatological

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