Sleep Disorders
Also known as: Insomnia, Dyssomnias, Parasomnias
Sleep disorders are conditions that impair the ability to get adequate, restful sleep on a regular basis. Common types include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy. Chronic sleep disruption can significantly impact physical health, mental well-being, and daily functioning, but most sleep disorders are treatable.
At a Glance
- Common symptoms
- Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, Excessive daytime sleepiness, Irregular breathing during sleep
- Main treatments
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), Sleep hygiene improvements including consistent schedules and optimal environment, Prescription medications for short-term use
- Category
- Neurological · 50-70 million US adults have a sleep disorder; insomnia affects about 30% of adults
- See a doctor if
- Chronic difficulty sleeping that affects daily functioning
Symptoms
Causes
- Stress, anxiety, or depression
- Medical conditions such as chronic pain, asthma, or heart failure
- Medications that interfere with sleep
- Poor sleep habits and environment
- Circadian rhythm disruptions from shift work or jet lag
- Neurological conditions affecting sleep regulation
Risk Factors
- Irregular work schedules or shift work
- Mental health conditions
- Chronic medical conditions
- Excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption
- Age, with sleep patterns changing over the lifespan
- Obesity
Diagnosis
- Sleep history and sleep diary analysis
- Polysomnography (overnight sleep study)
- Multiple sleep latency test for excessive daytime sleepiness
- Actigraphy to monitor sleep-wake patterns
- Questionnaires such as Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Treatment
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)
- Sleep hygiene improvements including consistent schedules and optimal environment
- Prescription medications for short-term use
- CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnea
- Light therapy for circadian rhythm disorders
- Treatment of underlying medical or psychiatric conditions
Prevention
- Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule
- Creating a dark, quiet, and cool sleeping environment
- Limiting caffeine, alcohol, and screen time before bed
- Regular physical exercise during the day
- Managing stress with relaxation techniques
When to See a Doctor
- Chronic difficulty sleeping that affects daily functioning
- Excessive daytime drowsiness despite adequate sleep time
- Unusual behaviors during sleep such as sleepwalking
- Partner reporting pauses in breathing during sleep
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Conditions
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