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CancerICD-10: C16About 26,000 new cases diagnosed annually in the US

Stomach Cancer

Also known as: Gastric cancer, Gastric carcinoma

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, develops from the lining of the stomach and often grows slowly over many years. Early-stage stomach cancer rarely causes symptoms, which is why it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, a diet high in smoked or salted foods, and family history.

Symptoms

Persistent indigestion or heartburn
Loss of appetite
Unintentional weight loss
Abdominal pain or discomfort
Nausea and vomiting
Feeling full after eating small amounts
Blood in the stool or black tarry stools
Difficulty swallowing
Fatigue from anemia

Causes

  • Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection
  • Genetic mutations affecting stomach cell growth
  • Diet high in smoked, pickled, or salted foods
  • Smoking and tobacco use
  • Chronic gastritis or stomach inflammation

Risk Factors

  • H. pylori infection
  • Diet low in fruits and vegetables and high in processed meats
  • Family history of stomach cancer
  • Smoking
  • Age over 55 years
  • Male sex

Diagnosis

  • Upper endoscopy with biopsy
  • CT scan for staging and spread assessment
  • Endoscopic ultrasound for depth of invasion
  • PET scan to detect metastatic disease
  • Blood tests including tumor markers

Treatment

  • Surgical resection including partial or total gastrectomy
  • Chemotherapy often combined with surgery
  • Radiation therapy
  • Targeted therapy such as trastuzumab for HER2-positive cancers
  • Immunotherapy for advanced cases
  • Palliative care for symptom management

Prevention

  • Treatment of H. pylori infection
  • Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
  • Reducing consumption of smoked, salted, and pickled foods
  • Not smoking

When to See a Doctor

  • Persistent unexplained indigestion or stomach discomfort
  • Unintentional weight loss with loss of appetite
  • Blood in vomit or stool
  • Difficulty swallowing that worsens over time

Frequently Asked Questions

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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