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DigestiveICD-10: K25About 4 million Americans have peptic ulcers; approximately 500,000 new cases per year

Stomach Ulcer

Also known as: Gastric ulcer, Peptic ulcer

Stomach ulcers are open sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach, often causing a burning pain in the abdomen. They are most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Most stomach ulcers can be effectively treated with medication and heal within a few weeks.

Symptoms

Burning or gnawing stomach pain, often between meals or at night
Bloating and feeling of fullness
Nausea
Heartburn
Loss of appetite
Unintentional weight loss
Vomiting blood or material resembling coffee grounds in severe cases
Dark, tarry stools indicating bleeding

Causes

  • Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection damaging the stomach lining
  • Long-term use of NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or aspirin
  • Excess stomach acid production
  • Rare causes including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Risk Factors

  • H. pylori infection
  • Regular use of NSAIDs
  • Smoking
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Older age
  • History of stomach ulcers

Diagnosis

  • Upper endoscopy (EGD) to visualize and biopsy the ulcer
  • H. pylori testing through breath test, stool antigen, or biopsy
  • Blood tests for anemia
  • Barium swallow X-ray in some cases

Treatment

  • Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid
  • Triple therapy antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori
  • H2-receptor blockers
  • Antacids for symptom relief
  • Stopping or reducing NSAID use
  • Surgery for complications such as perforation or severe bleeding

Prevention

  • Treating H. pylori infection when detected
  • Limiting NSAID use or taking them with food and acid-reducing medication
  • Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol
  • Managing stress

When to See a Doctor

  • Persistent stomach pain not relieved by antacids
  • Vomiting blood or coffee-ground material
  • Black, tarry, or bloody stools
  • Sudden, severe abdominal pain suggesting perforation

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Gastritis

Digestive

Stomach Cancer

Cancer

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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