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InfectiousICD-10: J02.0Causes 5-15% of sore throat visits in adults and 20-30% in children

Strep Throat

Also known as: Streptococcal pharyngitis, Group A strep pharyngitis

Strep throat is a bacterial infection of the throat and tonsils caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. It causes a sudden, severe sore throat with pain when swallowing, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Unlike viral sore throats, strep throat requires antibiotic treatment to prevent serious complications such as rheumatic fever.

Symptoms

Sudden severe sore throat
Pain when swallowing
Fever of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher
Red and swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches or streaks of pus
Tiny red spots on the roof of the mouth
Swollen, tender lymph nodes in the neck
Headache
Body aches
Nausea or vomiting, especially in children

Causes

  • Infection with group A Streptococcus bacteria
  • Spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes
  • Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth or nose

Risk Factors

  • Age between 5 and 15 years
  • Close contact with someone who has strep throat
  • Time of year, with fall and winter being peak seasons
  • Crowded settings such as schools and daycare

Diagnosis

  • Rapid antigen detection test from throat swab
  • Throat culture for definitive diagnosis
  • Physical examination of the throat and lymph nodes

Treatment

  • Antibiotics such as penicillin or amoxicillin for 10 days
  • Over-the-counter pain relievers for throat pain and fever
  • Rest and adequate fluid intake
  • Warm salt water gargles
  • Throat lozenges for symptom relief

Prevention

  • Frequent handwashing
  • Avoiding sharing cups, utensils, or food with infected individuals
  • Replacing toothbrush after starting antibiotics
  • Staying home until fever-free and on antibiotics for at least 24 hours

When to See a Doctor

  • Sore throat accompanied by fever
  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing
  • Sore throat that lasts longer than 48 hours
  • Rash accompanying a sore throat

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Tonsillitis

Infectious

Scarlet Fever

Infectious

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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