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InfectiousICD-10: J03One of the most common childhood illnesses, affecting millions of children annually

Tonsillitis

Also known as: Tonsillar infection

Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, the two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat, most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections. It frequently affects children and adolescents and causes sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and swollen tonsils. Most cases resolve with rest and supportive care, though bacterial tonsillitis requires antibiotics.

Symptoms

Severe sore throat
Red and swollen tonsils
White or yellow coating or patches on the tonsils
Difficulty swallowing
Fever
Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
Bad breath
Stiff neck
Stomachache, especially in younger children
Scratchy or muffled voice

Causes

  • Viral infections including adenovirus, influenza, and Epstein-Barr virus
  • Bacterial infection with group A Streptococcus
  • Frequent exposure to germs in school or daycare settings

Risk Factors

  • Young age, most common between ages 5 and 15
  • Frequent exposure to other children in school or daycare
  • Repeated infections

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination of the throat and tonsils
  • Rapid strep test or throat culture
  • Complete blood count if mononucleosis is suspected

Treatment

  • Rest and adequate fluid intake
  • Antibiotics for bacterial tonsillitis
  • Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen
  • Warm salt water gargles
  • Tonsillectomy for recurrent or chronic tonsillitis

Prevention

  • Frequent handwashing
  • Avoiding close contact with individuals who have respiratory infections
  • Not sharing food, drinks, or utensils
  • Replacing toothbrush after an infection

When to See a Doctor

  • Sore throat with fever lasting more than 48 hours
  • Difficulty swallowing or breathing
  • Excessive drooling in a young child suggesting inability to swallow
  • Recurrent episodes of tonsillitis

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Strep Throat

Infectious

Scarlet Fever

Infectious

Mononucleosis

Infectious

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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