CardiovascularICD-10: I83Affect approximately 23% of adults in the US

Varicose Veins

Also known as: Varicosities, Venous insufficiency, Varicose veins in legs, Bulging leg veins, Twisted veins

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted, often rope-like veins that most commonly appear on the legs and feet. They develop when the tiny one-way valves inside leg veins weaken or become damaged, allowing blood to flow backward and pool instead of returning efficiently to the heart — a process known as chronic venous insufficiency. Because leg veins work against gravity, they are especially vulnerable. While many people view varicose veins as purely a cosmetic issue, they can cause aching, heaviness, swelling, itching, and night cramps, and in some cases progress to skin changes, ulcers, or blood clots. Treatment ranges from simple lifestyle measures and compression stockings to highly effective minimally invasive procedures.

Symptoms

Visible, bulging, twisted veins that appear dark purple or blue
Aching or heavy feeling in the legs
Burning, throbbing, or cramping in the lower legs
Worsened pain after sitting or standing for long periods
Itching around one or more veins
Skin discoloration around a varicose vein
Swelling in the lower legs

Causes

  • Weakened or damaged valves in the veins allowing blood to flow backward and pool
  • Increased venous pressure from standing or sitting for long periods
  • Age-related wear on vein valves
  • Hormonal changes during pregnancy or menopause

Risk Factors

  • Age over 50
  • Female sex
  • Pregnancy
  • Family history of varicose veins
  • Obesity
  • Prolonged standing or sitting

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination of visible veins while standing
  • Duplex ultrasound to assess blood flow and valve function
  • Venography in complex cases

Treatment

  • Compression stockings as first-line conservative therapy
  • Sclerotherapy injecting solution to close veins
  • Endovenous laser ablation
  • Radiofrequency ablation
  • Ambulatory phlebectomy for surface veins
  • Regular exercise and leg elevation to improve symptoms

Prevention

  • Regular exercise to improve leg circulation
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Elevating legs when resting
  • Avoiding prolonged standing or sitting
  • Wearing compression stockings if at risk

When to See a Doctor

  • Varicose veins causing significant pain or discomfort
  • Skin changes or ulcers near a varicose vein
  • Swelling or warmth in the leg suggesting a blood clot
  • Bleeding from a varicose vein

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Cardiovascular

Blood Clots

Cardiovascular

Spider Veins

Cardiovascular

Peripheral Artery Disease

Cardiovascular

Edema

Cardiovascular

Hemorrhoids

Digestive

Related from the Supplement Library

Horse Chestnut

Moderate

Herb · Reduces leg swelling, heaviness, and pain in venous insufficiency

Gotu Kola

Moderate

Herb · Improves symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins

Quercetin

Moderate

Compound · Anti-inflammatory (NF-κB, COX-2 inhibition)

Vitamin C

Strong

Vitamin · Immune support and white blood cell function

Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)

Strong

Fatty Acid · Cardiovascular health (TG reduction, anti-arrhythmic)

These supplements have been studied in relation to Varicose Veins. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially if you take medications.

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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