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CardiovascularICD-10: I83Affect approximately 23% of adults in the US

Varicose Veins

Also known as: Varicosities, Venous insufficiency

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that most commonly appear in the legs and feet, resulting from weakened or damaged vein valves that allow blood to pool. While often considered a cosmetic concern, varicose veins can cause aching pain, discomfort, and in some cases lead to more serious circulatory problems. Treatment ranges from lifestyle changes to minimally invasive procedures.

Symptoms

Visible, bulging, twisted veins that appear dark purple or blue
Aching or heavy feeling in the legs
Burning, throbbing, or cramping in the lower legs
Worsened pain after sitting or standing for long periods
Itching around one or more veins
Skin discoloration around a varicose vein
Swelling in the lower legs

Causes

  • Weakened or damaged valves in the veins allowing blood to flow backward and pool
  • Increased venous pressure from standing or sitting for long periods
  • Age-related wear on vein valves
  • Hormonal changes during pregnancy or menopause

Risk Factors

  • Age over 50
  • Female sex
  • Pregnancy
  • Family history of varicose veins
  • Obesity
  • Prolonged standing or sitting

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination of visible veins while standing
  • Duplex ultrasound to assess blood flow and valve function
  • Venography in complex cases

Treatment

  • Compression stockings as first-line conservative therapy
  • Sclerotherapy injecting solution to close veins
  • Endovenous laser ablation
  • Radiofrequency ablation
  • Ambulatory phlebectomy for surface veins
  • Regular exercise and leg elevation to improve symptoms

Prevention

  • Regular exercise to improve leg circulation
  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Elevating legs when resting
  • Avoiding prolonged standing or sitting
  • Wearing compression stockings if at risk

When to See a Doctor

  • Varicose veins causing significant pain or discomfort
  • Skin changes or ulcers near a varicose vein
  • Swelling or warmth in the leg suggesting a blood clot
  • Bleeding from a varicose vein

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Cardiovascular

Spider Veins

Cardiovascular

Peripheral Artery Disease

Cardiovascular

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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