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DermatologicalICD-10: L73.9One of the most common dermatological conditions, affecting millions annually

Folliculitis

Also known as: Infected Hair Follicles, Hot Tub Rash, Razor Bumps, Barber's Itch

Folliculitis is a common skin condition in which hair follicles become inflamed, usually as a result of bacterial or fungal infection, leading to small red bumps or white-headed pimples around the follicles. It can occur anywhere on the body where hair grows, but most frequently affects the face, scalp, chest, back, buttocks, and thighs. While mild folliculitis often resolves on its own, deeper or recurring infections can cause permanent hair loss and scarring.

Symptoms

Clusters of small red bumps or white-headed pimples around hair follicles
Itchy, burning, or stinging skin
Painful, tender, or swollen skin around follicles
Pus-filled blisters that break open and crust over
Large, swollen bumps or boils (in deep folliculitis)
Skin redness and inflammation in affected areas

Causes

  • Bacterial infection, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus
  • Fungal infection (Pityrosporum folliculitis)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa from contaminated hot tubs or pools (hot tub folliculitis)
  • Irritation from shaving, tight clothing, or friction
  • Blockage of hair follicles by oils, sweat, or occlusive skincare products

Risk Factors

  • Frequent shaving, waxing, or other hair removal methods
  • Wearing tight clothing that causes friction and traps sweat
  • Using poorly maintained hot tubs, swimming pools, or saunas
  • Weakened immune system from diabetes, HIV, or medications
  • Prolonged use of topical corticosteroids or antibiotics
  • Excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)

Diagnosis

  • Visual examination of the skin by a healthcare provider
  • Skin swab culture to identify the specific bacteria or fungus
  • Dermoscopy for detailed examination of follicular inflammation
  • Skin biopsy in chronic or treatment-resistant cases

Treatment

  • Warm compresses to soothe inflammation and promote drainage
  • Topical antibiotics (mupirocin, clindamycin) for mild bacterial folliculitis
  • Oral antibiotics (dicloxacillin, cephalexin) for widespread or deep infections
  • Antifungal medications (fluconazole, ketoconazole) for fungal folliculitis
  • Benzoyl peroxide wash for mild, recurring cases
  • Laser hair removal for chronic folliculitis related to shaving

Prevention

  • Shave with a clean, sharp razor and use shaving gel or cream
  • Avoid tight-fitting clothing that traps heat and moisture
  • Shower promptly after sweating or using hot tubs and pools
  • Use clean towels and avoid sharing personal grooming items
  • Apply non-comedogenic moisturizers to prevent follicle blockage

When to See a Doctor

  • Folliculitis spreads or does not improve after a week of self-care
  • You develop a large, painful boil or abscess
  • You have recurrent episodes of folliculitis
  • Folliculitis is accompanied by fever or worsening redness

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Acne Vulgaris

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Eczema

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Psoriasis

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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