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DermatologicalICD-10: L70.0Affects up to 85% of people between ages 12 and 24

Acne Vulgaris

Also known as: Acne, Pimples, Zits, Breakouts

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, leading to whiteheads, blackheads, and pimples. It most frequently affects the face, chest, and back and is especially prevalent among teenagers and young adults. While not life-threatening, acne can cause significant emotional distress and lead to permanent scarring if left untreated.

Symptoms

Whiteheads (closed clogged pores)
Blackheads (open clogged pores)
Red, tender bumps (papules)
Pus-filled pimples (pustules)
Large, painful lumps beneath the skin (nodules)
Deep, pus-filled cysts
Oily skin
Scarring or dark spots

Causes

  • Excess sebum (oil) production
  • Clogged hair follicles from oil and dead skin cells
  • Bacterial infection (Cutibacterium acnes)
  • Hormonal fluctuations, especially androgens
  • Inflammation of the skin

Risk Factors

  • Adolescence and puberty
  • Family history of acne
  • Hormonal changes (menstruation, pregnancy, PCOS)
  • Use of oily or greasy cosmetics
  • Stress
  • Certain medications (corticosteroids, lithium)

Diagnosis

  • Visual examination of the skin by a dermatologist
  • Assessment of acne severity (mild, moderate, severe)
  • Review of medical and medication history
  • Hormonal blood tests if endocrine disorder is suspected

Treatment

  • Topical retinoids (tretinoin, adapalene)
  • Benzoyl peroxide cleansers and creams
  • Topical or oral antibiotics
  • Oral contraceptives for hormonal acne
  • Isotretinoin (Accutane) for severe cystic acne
  • Chemical peels or light therapy

Prevention

  • Wash your face twice daily with a gentle cleanser
  • Avoid touching or picking at your face
  • Use non-comedogenic skincare and makeup products
  • Shower after sweating heavily
  • Manage stress through exercise and relaxation

When to See a Doctor

  • Over-the-counter treatments haven't improved your acne after 2-3 months
  • You develop deep, painful cysts or nodules
  • Acne is causing scarring or significant emotional distress
  • You suspect your acne may be related to a hormonal condition

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Dermatitis

Dermatological

Rosacea

Dermatological

Related from the Supplement Library

Zinc

Strong

Mineral · Immune system support and T-cell function

Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)

Strong

Fatty Acid · Cardiovascular health (TG reduction, anti-arrhythmic)

Probiotics (Lactobacillus)

Strong

Probiotic · Gut microbiome balance and diversity

Vitamin A

Strong

Vitamin · Vision health (night vision and retinal function)

These supplements have been studied in relation to Acne Vulgaris. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially if you take medications.

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.