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MusculoskeletalICD-10: M67.4Most common soft tissue mass in the hand

Ganglion Cyst

Also known as: Bible Cyst, Synovial Cyst

A ganglion cyst is a noncancerous, fluid-filled lump that commonly develops along tendons or joints of the wrists or hands. They contain thick, jelly-like fluid and range from pea-sized to nearly an inch in diameter. While harmless, they can cause pain or interfere with joint movement.

Symptoms

Visible, round or oval lump near a joint or tendon
The lump may change in size over time
Pain or tenderness if the cyst presses on a nerve
Tingling or numbness if a nerve is compressed
Weakness in the affected finger or wrist
Many cysts are painless

Causes

  • Leakage of synovial fluid from a joint capsule or tendon sheath
  • Repetitive joint stress or injury may contribute
  • Exact underlying cause is not fully understood

Risk Factors

  • Female sex (3 times more common in women)
  • Age 20–40
  • Osteoarthritis in finger joints
  • Previous joint or tendon injury
  • Repetitive wrist or hand use

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination (transillumination)
  • Ultrasound to confirm fluid-filled nature
  • MRI if deeper structures need evaluation
  • Aspiration of cyst fluid if diagnosis is uncertain

Treatment

  • Observation (many resolve on their own)
  • Immobilization with a brace to reduce size
  • Aspiration (draining with a needle)
  • Surgical excision for recurrent or symptomatic cysts

When to See a Doctor

  • The cyst is painful or interferes with joint movement
  • Numbness or tingling in the affected area
  • The lump is growing or changing
  • You want confirmation that the lump is benign

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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