MusculoskeletalICD-10: M67.4Most common soft tissue mass in the hand
Ganglion Cyst
Also known as: Bible Cyst, Synovial Cyst
A ganglion cyst is a noncancerous, fluid-filled lump that commonly develops along tendons or joints of the wrists or hands. They contain thick, jelly-like fluid and range from pea-sized to nearly an inch in diameter. While harmless, they can cause pain or interfere with joint movement.
Symptoms
Visible, round or oval lump near a joint or tendon
The lump may change in size over time
Pain or tenderness if the cyst presses on a nerve
Tingling or numbness if a nerve is compressed
Weakness in the affected finger or wrist
Many cysts are painless
Causes
- Leakage of synovial fluid from a joint capsule or tendon sheath
- Repetitive joint stress or injury may contribute
- Exact underlying cause is not fully understood
Risk Factors
- Female sex (3 times more common in women)
- Age 20–40
- Osteoarthritis in finger joints
- Previous joint or tendon injury
- Repetitive wrist or hand use
Diagnosis
- Physical examination (transillumination)
- Ultrasound to confirm fluid-filled nature
- MRI if deeper structures need evaluation
- Aspiration of cyst fluid if diagnosis is uncertain
Treatment
- Observation (many resolve on their own)
- Immobilization with a brace to reduce size
- Aspiration (draining with a needle)
- Surgical excision for recurrent or symptomatic cysts
When to See a Doctor
- The cyst is painful or interferes with joint movement
- Numbness or tingling in the affected area
- The lump is growing or changing
- You want confirmation that the lump is benign
Frequently Asked Questions
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