Is hyperthyroidism dangerous?

Untreated, it can lead to atrial fibrillation, osteoporosis, heart failure, and thyroid storm. With proper treatment, these risks are effectively managed.

Can hyperthyroidism go away on its own?

Some forms (subacute thyroiditis) are temporary. Graves' disease and toxic nodules typically require medical treatment.

What is the difference between hyper and hypothyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism means the thyroid is overactive (weight loss, rapid heartbeat). Hypothyroidism means it is underactive (fatigue, weight gain, cold sensitivity).

EndocrineICD-10: E05Affects about 1.2% of the U.S. population

Hyperthyroidism

Also known as: Overactive Thyroid, Thyrotoxicosis

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, accelerating metabolism and affecting virtually every organ system. The most common cause is Graves' disease. Treatment is highly effective and may include medication, radioactive iodine, or surgery.

Symptoms

Unexplained weight loss despite increased appetite

Rapid or irregular heartbeat

Anxiety, nervousness, and irritability

Tremor of hands and fingers

Increased sweating and heat intolerance

Changes in menstrual patterns

Frequent bowel movements

Enlarged thyroid (goiter)

Fatigue and muscle weakness

Difficulty sleeping

Causes

Graves' disease (most common — autoimmune)
Toxic multinodular goiter
Toxic adenoma (single hyperfunctioning nodule)
Thyroiditis (inflammation releasing stored hormone)
Excessive iodine or thyroid medication

Risk Factors

Female sex
Family history of thyroid disorders
History of autoimmune diseases
Recent pregnancy (postpartum thyroiditis)
Excessive iodine intake

Diagnosis

Blood tests: low TSH, elevated free T4 and/or T3
Thyroid antibody tests (TSI, TRAb for Graves')
Radioactive iodine uptake and scan
Thyroid ultrasound to evaluate nodules

Treatment

Anti-thyroid medications (methimazole, propylthiouracil)
Radioactive iodine therapy
Beta-blockers for rapid symptom relief
Thyroidectomy for certain cases
Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement after radioiodine or surgery

Prevention

No known prevention for most causes
Avoid excessive iodine supplementation
Regular monitoring if you have risk factors

When to See a Doctor

Unexplained weight loss with rapid heartbeat
Symptoms of anxiety, tremor, and heat intolerance are new or worsening
You develop a visible neck swelling
Palpitations or irregular heartbeat occur

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Graves' Disease

Autoimmune

Hypothyroidism

Endocrine

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Autoimmune

Heart Failure

Cardiovascular

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