Hyperthyroidism
Also known as: Overactive Thyroid, Thyrotoxicosis
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, accelerating metabolism and affecting virtually every organ system. The most common cause is Graves' disease. Treatment is highly effective and may include medication, radioactive iodine, or surgery.
At a Glance
- Common symptoms
- Unexplained weight loss despite increased appetite, Rapid or irregular heartbeat, Anxiety, nervousness, and irritability
- Main treatments
- Anti-thyroid medications (methimazole, propylthiouracil), Radioactive iodine therapy, Beta-blockers for rapid symptom relief
- Category
- Endocrine · Affects about 1.2% of the U.S. population
- See a doctor if
- Unexplained weight loss with rapid heartbeat
Symptoms
Causes
- Graves' disease (most common — autoimmune)
- Toxic multinodular goiter
- Toxic adenoma (single hyperfunctioning nodule)
- Thyroiditis (inflammation releasing stored hormone)
- Excessive iodine or thyroid medication
Risk Factors
- Female sex
- Family history of thyroid disorders
- History of autoimmune diseases
- Recent pregnancy (postpartum thyroiditis)
- Excessive iodine intake
Diagnosis
- Blood tests: low TSH, elevated free T4 and/or T3
- Thyroid antibody tests (TSI, TRAb for Graves')
- Radioactive iodine uptake and scan
- Thyroid ultrasound to evaluate nodules
Treatment
- Anti-thyroid medications (methimazole, propylthiouracil)
- Radioactive iodine therapy
- Beta-blockers for rapid symptom relief
- Thyroidectomy for certain cases
- Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement after radioiodine or surgery
Prevention
- No known prevention for most causes
- Avoid excessive iodine supplementation
- Regular monitoring if you have risk factors
When to See a Doctor
- Unexplained weight loss with rapid heartbeat
- Symptoms of anxiety, tremor, and heat intolerance are new or worsening
- You develop a visible neck swelling
- Palpitations or irregular heartbeat occur
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Conditions
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