Is Hashimoto's thyroiditis serious?

While chronic, Hashimoto's is very manageable with thyroid hormone replacement. Most people live normal, healthy lives once levels are regulated. Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to heart problems and other complications.

Can Hashimoto's be reversed?

The autoimmune process cannot currently be reversed. Treatment focuses on replacing the thyroid hormone the damaged gland can no longer produce adequately.

Does Hashimoto's cause weight gain?

Hypothyroidism from Hashimoto's can cause modest weight gain (typically 5–10 pounds), mostly from fluid retention. Significant weight gain is usually due to other factors. Proper hormone replacement helps normalize weight.

AutoimmuneICD-10: E06.3Affects approximately 14 million people in the United States

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

Also known as: Hashimoto's Disease, Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, gradually leading to hypothyroidism. It is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States and primarily affects middle-aged women. Treatment with synthetic thyroid hormone is usually lifelong and highly effective.

Symptoms

Fatigue and sluggishness

Increased sensitivity to cold

Unexplained weight gain

Constipation

Dry skin and brittle nails

Hair loss or thinning

Puffy face

Muscle aches and stiffness

Joint pain and swelling

Depression

Memory problems

Enlarged thyroid (goiter)

Causes

Autoimmune destruction by anti-TPO and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
Genetic predisposition involving HLA genes
Environmental triggers including excessive iodine intake
Hormonal factors (estrogen may play a role)

Risk Factors

Female sex (7 times more common in women)
Middle age (30–50 years)
Family history of thyroid or autoimmune disease
Other autoimmune conditions (type 1 diabetes, celiac disease)
Excessive iodine intake
Radiation exposure

Diagnosis

Blood tests showing elevated TSH and low free T4
Positive anti-TPO antibodies
Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
Thyroid ultrasound showing heterogeneous, hypoechoic gland

Treatment

Levothyroxine daily hormone replacement
Regular TSH monitoring to adjust dosage
Selenium supplementation may reduce antibody levels in some patients
Treatment of associated conditions (anemia, high cholesterol)
Surgery if the goiter causes compressive symptoms

Prevention

There is no known prevention for Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Avoid excessive iodine supplementation
Monitor thyroid function if you have a family history

When to See a Doctor

You experience persistent fatigue, weight gain, or cold intolerance
You notice a swelling at the base of your neck
You have a family history of thyroid or autoimmune disease and develop symptoms
You are pregnant and have a history of thyroid problems

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Hypothyroidism

Endocrine

Graves' Disease

Autoimmune

Hyperthyroidism

Endocrine

Celiac Disease

Autoimmune

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