How long does it take to correct iron deficiency?

With oral supplements, you may feel better within weeks, but it takes 3–6 months to fully replenish stores. IV iron can replenish stores within a few weeks.

Can iron deficiency anemia be serious?

If untreated, severe IDA can cause heart problems, pregnancy complications, and impaired growth in children. It can also signal underlying conditions like GI bleeding.

What foods are highest in iron?

Heme iron (most easily absorbed) is in red meat, poultry, and seafood. Non-heme sources include beans, lentils, spinach, and fortified cereals. Pairing with vitamin C improves absorption.

MetabolicICD-10: D50Affects approximately 10 million people in the U.S.; most common nutritional deficiency worldwide

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Also known as: IDA, Low Iron, Anemia from Iron Deficiency

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia worldwide, occurring when the body lacks sufficient iron to produce adequate hemoglobin. Without enough hemoglobin, tissues and organs don't get enough oxygen. It is most prevalent in women of reproductive age, children, and people with chronic blood loss.

Symptoms

Fatigue and weakness

Pale skin, gums, and nail beds

Shortness of breath with exertion

Dizziness or lightheadedness

Cold hands and feet

Brittle nails or spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia)

Unusual cravings for non-food items (pica)

Headaches

Rapid or irregular heartbeat

Restless legs syndrome

Causes

Blood loss from heavy menstruation
GI bleeding (ulcers, polyps, colorectal cancer)
Insufficient dietary iron intake
Impaired iron absorption (celiac disease, gastric bypass, H. pylori)
Increased iron needs during pregnancy or rapid growth

Risk Factors

Women of reproductive age
Pregnancy
Vegetarian or vegan diets without adequate iron sources
Frequent blood donation
Chronic GI conditions
Infants and young children

Diagnosis

CBC showing low hemoglobin and small, pale red blood cells
Serum ferritin (most sensitive test for iron stores)
Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
Peripheral blood smear
Evaluation for source of blood loss if cause is unclear

Treatment

Oral iron supplements with vitamin C to enhance absorption
Intravenous iron infusion for severe deficiency or oral intolerance
Dietary changes to increase iron-rich foods
Treatment of underlying cause of blood loss
Blood transfusion for severe, symptomatic anemia

Prevention

Eat iron-rich foods regularly (lean meats, seafood, beans, dark leafy greens)
Pair iron-rich foods with vitamin C sources
Avoid tea or coffee with meals (inhibits absorption)
Consider iron supplementation during pregnancy

When to See a Doctor

Persistent fatigue, weakness, or pale skin
Heavy menstrual periods or blood in your stool
You are pregnant and have not been screened
Symptoms are affecting daily activities

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Celiac Disease

Autoimmune

Eating Disorders

Mental Health

Hemorrhoids

Digestive

Colorectal Cancer

Cancer

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