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DermatologicalICD-10: L43Affects about 1–2% of the general population

Lichen Planus

Also known as: LP

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails. It appears as purplish, flat-topped, itchy bumps on the skin and can cause painful sores in the mouth. The exact cause is unknown but is believed to involve an autoimmune response. Most cases resolve within 1–2 years.

Symptoms

Purplish, flat-topped bumps on the inner forearm, wrists, or ankles
Intense itching at affected areas
Lacy white patches in the mouth (Wickham striae)
Painful mouth sores or burning sensation
Nail thinning, ridging, or loss
Scalp lesions causing possible permanent hair loss

Causes

  • Believed to be an autoimmune reaction where T-cells attack skin cells
  • Drug-induced forms from certain medications (beta-blockers, NSAIDs)
  • Hepatitis C infection association
  • Exact trigger is unknown

Risk Factors

  • Middle age (30–60)
  • Hepatitis C infection
  • Certain medications
  • Exposure to certain chemicals or allergens

Diagnosis

  • Clinical examination of characteristic lesions
  • Skin biopsy showing interface dermatitis
  • Hepatitis C testing
  • Direct immunofluorescence to rule out other conditions

Treatment

  • Topical corticosteroids (first-line)
  • Topical calcineurin inhibitors for mucosal lesions
  • Oral corticosteroids for widespread disease
  • Antihistamines for itch relief
  • Phototherapy for extensive skin involvement
  • Retinoids or immunosuppressants for refractory cases

Prevention

  • No known prevention
  • Avoid medications known to trigger drug-induced forms
  • Treat hepatitis C, which may be associated

When to See a Doctor

  • Unexplained purplish bumps with intense itching
  • Painful white patches or sores in your mouth
  • Hair loss in patches on the scalp
  • Symptoms not improving with OTC treatments

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Eczema

Dermatological

Psoriasis

Dermatological

Hepatitis C

Infectious

Lupus

Autoimmune

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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