Lipoma
Also known as: Fatty Lump, Benign Fatty Tumor, Subcutaneous Lipoma
A lipoma is a slow-growing, benign (non-cancerous) tumor made up of fat cells that forms between the skin and underlying muscle layer, typically presenting as a soft, doughy, painless lump that moves easily with finger pressure. Lipomas are the most common type of soft tissue tumor in adults and can occur anywhere on the body, though they are most frequently found on the neck, shoulders, back, abdomen, arms, and thighs. While lipomas are almost always harmless and rarely require treatment, they may be removed for cosmetic reasons or if they cause discomfort due to their size or location.
Symptoms
Causes
- Exact cause is unknown, but a genetic predisposition is common
- Mutations in certain genes involved in fat cell growth
- Minor soft tissue trauma may trigger formation in some cases
- Adipocyte (fat cell) proliferation within a fibrous capsule
Risk Factors
- Age between 40 and 60 years (most common onset)
- Family history of lipomas
- Conditions such as familial multiple lipomatosis or Dercum's disease
- Obesity (though lipomas occur in people of all weights)
- Gardner syndrome or other genetic conditions
Diagnosis
- Physical examination assessing the lump's size, texture, and mobility
- Ultrasound to confirm the fatty composition of the lump
- MRI for deep or large lipomas to assess extent and plan treatment
- Biopsy or excisional biopsy if there is concern about liposarcoma (rare)
Treatment
- Observation (watchful waiting) for small, asymptomatic lipomas
- Surgical excision under local anesthesia for complete removal
- Liposuction to remove the fatty content through a small incision
- Steroid injections to shrink the lipoma (may not eliminate it completely)
- Minimal excision extraction technique for cosmetically sensitive areas
Prevention
- No known way to prevent lipoma formation
- Regular self-examination to monitor for new or changing lumps
- Maintain a healthy weight, although lipomas are not caused by obesity
- See a doctor promptly for any rapidly growing or painful lumps
When to See a Doctor
- A new lump appears under the skin or an existing lump changes in size
- The lump becomes painful, hard, or fixed in position
- The lipoma is growing rapidly or is larger than 5 cm
- You want the lipoma removed for cosmetic reasons or discomfort
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Conditions
Have questions about Lipoma?
Ask Mother Nature AI for personalized, evidence-based guidance.
Ask about LipomaMedical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.
Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.