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ReproductiveICD-10: N76.0Among the most common gynecological conditions, affecting millions of women annually

Vaginitis

Also known as: Vaginal infection, Vaginal inflammation, Vulvovaginitis

Vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching, and pain. The most common causes are bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, and trichomoniasis. While often uncomfortable, most forms of vaginitis are easily treatable and not serious when properly diagnosed and managed.

Symptoms

Abnormal vaginal discharge with changes in color, odor, or amount
Vaginal itching or irritation
Pain during intercourse
Painful urination
Light vaginal bleeding or spotting
Redness and swelling of the vulva

Causes

  • Bacterial vaginosis from overgrowth of normal vaginal bacteria
  • Yeast infections, most commonly Candida albicans
  • Trichomoniasis, a parasitic sexually transmitted infection
  • Reduced estrogen levels after menopause (atrophic vaginitis)
  • Chemical irritants from soaps, sprays, or douches

Risk Factors

  • Sexual activity
  • Antibiotic use disrupting normal vaginal flora
  • Hormonal changes from pregnancy, birth control, or menopause
  • Douching
  • Diabetes with poorly controlled blood sugar
  • Use of irritating products in the vaginal area

Diagnosis

  • Pelvic examination
  • Testing vaginal pH
  • Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge (wet mount)
  • Whiff test for bacterial vaginosis
  • Culture for yeast or trichomonas if microscopy is inconclusive

Treatment

  • Antibiotics (metronidazole or clindamycin) for bacterial vaginosis
  • Antifungal medications (fluconazole or topical azoles) for yeast infections
  • Antiparasitic medication (metronidazole) for trichomoniasis
  • Estrogen cream or tablets for atrophic vaginitis
  • Avoiding irritants and switching to gentle, unscented products

Prevention

  • Avoiding douching, which disrupts normal vaginal flora
  • Wearing cotton underwear and avoiding tight clothing
  • Using unscented soaps and avoiding vaginal deodorants
  • Practicing safe sex with condoms

When to See a Doctor

  • New or unusual vaginal discharge
  • Persistent vaginal itching or discomfort
  • Pain during intercourse or urination
  • Symptoms that do not respond to over-the-counter treatments

Frequently Asked Questions

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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