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MusculoskeletalICD-10: S13.4Over 1 million whiplash injuries occur annually in the US

Whiplash

Also known as: Cervical acceleration-deceleration injury, Neck sprain

Whiplash is a neck injury caused by a sudden, forceful back-and-forth movement of the head, most commonly resulting from rear-end car accidents. The rapid motion can damage the muscles, ligaments, discs, and nerves in the cervical spine. Most people recover within a few weeks to months with conservative treatment, though some develop chronic neck pain.

Symptoms

Neck pain and stiffness
Worsening pain with neck movement
Loss of range of motion in the neck
Headaches starting at the base of the skull
Tenderness or pain in the shoulders, upper back, or arms
Tingling or numbness in the arms
Fatigue
Dizziness
Difficulty concentrating or memory problems

Causes

  • Rear-end automobile collisions
  • Sports injuries, especially contact sports
  • Physical assault or being shaken
  • Falls that cause the head to jerk
  • Amusement park rides

Risk Factors

  • Rear-end motor vehicle collision
  • Previous whiplash injury
  • Pre-existing neck or back conditions
  • Older age with degenerative changes
  • Female sex

Diagnosis

  • Physical examination of neck, head, and arms
  • X-rays to rule out fractures or dislocations
  • CT scan for detailed bone assessment
  • MRI for soft tissue, disc, and ligament evaluation

Treatment

  • Pain relief with OTC or prescription analgesics
  • Ice and heat application
  • Physical therapy with range-of-motion and strengthening exercises
  • Cervical collar for short-term use only
  • Muscle relaxants for spasm
  • Trigger point injections for persistent pain

Prevention

  • Properly adjusted headrests in vehicles
  • Wearing seat belts
  • Strengthening neck muscles with exercise
  • Using appropriate protective equipment in sports

When to See a Doctor

  • Neck pain after a car accident or injury
  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms
  • Pain that spreads to the shoulders or arms
  • Difficulty moving the head

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Concussion

Neurological

Herniated Disc

Musculoskeletal

Tension Headache

Neurological

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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