Alopecia (Hair Loss)
Also known as: Hair Loss, Baldness, Alopecia Areata, Pattern Baldness
Alopecia is a broad term for hair loss that can affect the scalp or the entire body, ranging from mild thinning to complete baldness. The most common form, androgenetic alopecia, is hereditary and affects millions of men and women, while alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition that causes patchy hair loss. Hair loss can be temporary or permanent depending on the underlying cause, and treatment options vary widely based on the type and severity.
Symptoms
Causes
- Hereditary pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia)
- Autoimmune attack on hair follicles (alopecia areata)
- Hormonal changes from pregnancy, menopause, or thyroid disorders
- Nutritional deficiencies including iron, zinc, and biotin
- Physical or emotional stress triggering telogen effluvium
- Medications such as chemotherapy, blood thinners, and antidepressants
Risk Factors
- Family history of baldness on either side of the family
- Age, as hair naturally thins with aging
- Significant weight loss or nutritional deficiencies
- Medical conditions such as lupus, diabetes, or thyroid disease
- High stress levels or recent traumatic events
- Frequent use of harsh hair treatments or tight hairstyles
Diagnosis
- Physical examination and pull test to assess hair shedding
- Blood tests to check for thyroid disease, iron deficiency, and hormonal imbalances
- Scalp biopsy to examine hair follicle health under a microscope
- Dermoscopy (trichoscopy) for detailed scalp and hair shaft analysis
Treatment
- Minoxidil (Rogaine) topical solution to stimulate hair regrowth
- Finasteride (Propecia) oral medication for male pattern baldness
- Corticosteroid injections for alopecia areata patches
- Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy to promote follicle health
- Hair transplant surgery for permanent restoration
- JAK inhibitors (baricitinib) for severe alopecia areata
Prevention
- Eat a balanced diet rich in protein, iron, and vitamins
- Avoid tight hairstyles that pull on the hair (traction alopecia)
- Handle wet hair gently and avoid excessive heat styling
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques and regular exercise
- Treat underlying medical conditions that contribute to hair loss
When to See a Doctor
- You notice sudden or patchy hair loss
- Hair loss is accompanied by scalp redness, itching, or pain
- You suspect hair loss may be related to a medication or medical condition
- Hair thinning is causing significant emotional distress
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Conditions
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