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MetabolicICD-10: D64.9Affects approximately 1.6 billion people worldwide

Anemia

Also known as: Low Blood Count, Iron-Poor Blood

Anemia is a condition in which the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry adequate oxygen to the body's tissues. It can result from blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, or increased red blood cell destruction. Symptoms range from mild fatigue to severe complications depending on the type and severity of anemia.

Symptoms

Fatigue and weakness
Pale or yellowish skin
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Cold hands and feet
Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Headaches
Chest pain
Brittle nails

Causes

  • Iron deficiency (most common cause worldwide)
  • Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
  • Chronic disease (kidney disease, cancer, inflammatory disorders)
  • Blood loss from heavy menstruation, ulcers, or injury
  • Bone marrow disorders (aplastic anemia, leukemia)
  • Hemolytic conditions that destroy red blood cells

Risk Factors

  • Women of reproductive age (due to menstrual blood loss)
  • Pregnancy without adequate iron supplementation
  • Poor diet lacking iron, B12, or folate
  • Chronic diseases such as kidney disease or cancer
  • Family history of inherited anemias (sickle cell, thalassemia)

Diagnosis

  • Complete blood count (CBC) to measure hemoglobin and hematocrit
  • Peripheral blood smear to examine red blood cell shape and size
  • Iron studies (serum ferritin, transferrin saturation)
  • Vitamin B12 and folate levels
  • Reticulocyte count to assess bone marrow response

Treatment

  • Iron supplements (ferrous sulfate) for iron-deficiency anemia
  • Vitamin B12 injections or oral supplements
  • Folic acid supplementation
  • Treatment of underlying chronic disease
  • Blood transfusions for severe anemia
  • Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for kidney disease-related anemia

Prevention

  • Eat a diet rich in iron (lean meats, beans, spinach, fortified cereals)
  • Include vitamin C-rich foods to enhance iron absorption
  • Take prenatal vitamins during pregnancy
  • Get regular health screenings if at risk

When to See a Doctor

  • You experience persistent fatigue, weakness, or shortness of breath
  • Your skin appears unusually pale or you feel dizzy frequently
  • You have heavy menstrual periods or notice blood in your stool
  • You are pregnant and have not been screened for anemia

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Related from the Supplement Library

These supplements have been studied in relation to Anemia. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially if you take medications.

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.