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InfectiousICD-10: B26Rare in countries with MMR vaccination programs; outbreaks still occur in close-contact settings

Mumps

Also known as: Epidemic Parotitis

Mumps is a contagious viral infection caused by the mumps virus, a paramyxovirus spread through saliva and respiratory droplets. The hallmark symptom is painful swelling of one or both parotid (salivary) glands, giving a characteristic 'chipmunk cheek' appearance. Mumps can lead to serious complications including orchitis, meningitis, and hearing loss.

Symptoms

Painful swelling of parotid glands (one or both sides)
Fever
Headache
Muscle aches
Fatigue and malaise
Loss of appetite
Pain with chewing or swallowing

Causes

  • Mumps virus (Rubulavirus genus, Paramyxoviridae family)
  • Spread through respiratory droplets or direct contact with saliva
  • Fomite transmission through contaminated surfaces

Risk Factors

  • Not vaccinated with MMR vaccine
  • Close contact with an infected person
  • Living in crowded settings (dormitories, barracks)
  • International travel to endemic areas
  • Waning immunity from childhood vaccination

Diagnosis

  • Clinical diagnosis based on characteristic parotid swelling
  • Mumps IgM antibody testing
  • Viral PCR from buccal (cheek) swab or urine
  • Serum amylase may be elevated

Treatment

  • Supportive care with rest, fluids, and soft foods
  • Pain relievers (acetaminophen or ibuprofen)
  • Warm or cold compresses on swollen glands
  • Avoiding acidic foods and beverages that worsen parotid pain

Prevention

  • MMR vaccination (two doses recommended)
  • Isolation of infected individuals for 5 days after parotid swelling onset
  • Good hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette

When to See a Doctor

  • Testicular pain or swelling in adolescent or adult males
  • Severe headache, stiff neck, or confusion (signs of meningitis)
  • Abdominal pain (possible pancreatitis)
  • Hearing changes

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Measles

Infectious

Meningitis

Infectious

Pharyngitis

Infectious

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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