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MusculoskeletalICD-10: M48.0Affects up to 500,000 Americans, predominantly those over age 50

Spinal Stenosis

Also known as: Lumbar stenosis, Cervical stenosis

Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spaces within the spine that puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, most commonly occurring in the lower back and neck. It is usually caused by age-related wear and tear of the spine. Symptoms develop gradually and may include pain, numbness, and weakness in the back, legs, or arms.

Symptoms

Pain or cramping in the legs when standing or walking
Numbness or tingling in a leg or foot
Weakness in a leg or arm
Back pain that may radiate to the buttocks
Neck pain in cervical stenosis
Balance problems
Symptoms that improve when leaning forward or sitting
In severe cases, bladder or bowel dysfunction

Causes

  • Degenerative changes in the spine from aging
  • Herniated discs pressing on the spinal canal
  • Bone spurs from osteoarthritis
  • Thickened ligaments within the spinal canal
  • Spinal injuries or tumors

Risk Factors

  • Age over 50 years
  • Osteoarthritis of the spine
  • Previous spinal surgery or injury
  • Congenitally narrow spinal canal
  • Scoliosis or other spinal deformities

Diagnosis

  • MRI to visualize the spinal cord and nerves
  • CT scan or CT myelogram for detailed bone structure
  • X-rays to assess spinal alignment and bone spurs
  • Electromyography to evaluate nerve function

Treatment

  • Physical therapy to strengthen back and improve flexibility
  • Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications
  • Epidural steroid injections for pain relief
  • Laminectomy surgery to create more space in the spinal canal
  • Spinal fusion for instability
  • Activity modification to avoid symptom triggers

Prevention

  • Regular exercise to maintain spinal flexibility and strength
  • Maintaining a healthy weight to reduce spinal stress
  • Practicing good posture
  • Avoiding activities that worsen symptoms

When to See a Doctor

  • Leg or arm weakness that interferes with walking or daily activities
  • Persistent numbness or tingling
  • Loss of bladder or bowel control
  • Progressive worsening of symptoms

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Sciatica

Neurological

Herniated Disc

Musculoskeletal

Osteoarthritis

Musculoskeletal

Scoliosis

Musculoskeletal

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.