Bronchitis
Also known as: Acute Bronchitis, Chest Cold, Bronchial Inflammation
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes (bronchi) that carry air to and from the lungs. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viral infections and resolves within 1-3 weeks, while chronic bronchitis is a form of COPD characterized by a productive cough lasting at least three months in two consecutive years. Most cases of acute bronchitis do not require antibiotics.
Symptoms
Causes
- Viral infections (same viruses that cause colds and flu)
- Bacterial infections (less common)
- Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke (chronic bronchitis)
- Air pollution, dust, and chemical fumes
Risk Factors
- Smoking or secondhand smoke exposure
- Weakened immune system
- Exposure to occupational irritants
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Older age or very young age
Diagnosis
- Physical examination and lung auscultation
- Chest X-ray to rule out pneumonia
- Sputum culture if bacterial infection is suspected
- Pulmonary function tests for suspected chronic bronchitis
Treatment
- Rest and plenty of fluids
- Over-the-counter cough suppressants and expectorants
- NSAIDs or acetaminophen for fever and body aches
- Inhaled bronchodilators if wheezing is present
- Antibiotics only if a bacterial infection is confirmed
- Smoking cessation for chronic bronchitis
Prevention
- Get annual flu vaccine and stay current on pneumonia vaccine
- Wash hands frequently during cold and flu season
- Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke
- Wear a mask in polluted or dusty environments
When to See a Doctor
- Cough lasts more than three weeks
- You cough up blood or have a high fever (above 100.4°F / 38°C)
- Shortness of breath or wheezing interferes with daily activities
- You have repeated episodes of bronchitis
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Conditions
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