Skip to main content
Mother Nature AI
InfectiousICD-10: J00Adults average 2-3 colds per year; children average 6-8

Common Cold

Also known as: Cold, Upper Respiratory Infection, URI, Head Cold

The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, primarily affecting the nose and throat. It is the most frequent infectious disease in humans, with adults averaging 2-3 colds per year. While colds are generally harmless and self-limiting, they are a leading cause of missed work and school days and can sometimes lead to secondary bacterial infections.

Symptoms

Runny or stuffy nose
Sore throat
Sneezing
Cough
Mild body aches or headache
Low-grade fever
Generally feeling unwell (malaise)
Watery eyes

Causes

  • Rhinoviruses (most common, responsible for 30-50% of colds)
  • Coronaviruses, RSV, adenoviruses, and other respiratory viruses
  • Spread through respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces

Risk Factors

  • Exposure to infected individuals, especially in enclosed spaces
  • Weakened immune system
  • Young age (children get 6-8 colds per year)
  • Fall and winter season (cold viruses thrive in dry air)
  • Smoking or secondhand smoke exposure

Diagnosis

  • Clinical diagnosis based on symptoms (testing rarely needed)
  • Rapid tests to rule out flu or COVID-19 if indicated
  • Physical examination if secondary infection is suspected

Treatment

  • Rest and adequate fluid intake
  • Over-the-counter decongestants (pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine)
  • Pain relievers (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) for fever and body aches
  • Cough suppressants or honey for cough relief
  • Saline nasal sprays or irrigation
  • Antibiotics are NOT effective against colds (viral infections)

Prevention

  • Wash hands frequently with soap and water
  • Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth
  • Stay away from people who are sick
  • Disinfect frequently touched surfaces
  • Maintain a healthy lifestyle to support immune function

When to See a Doctor

  • Symptoms worsen or fail to improve after 10 days
  • Fever exceeds 101.3°F (38.5°C) or lasts more than 3 days
  • You experience severe sore throat, headache, or sinus pain
  • You have a chronic condition and develop cold symptoms

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Allergic Rhinitis

Respiratory

Bronchitis

Respiratory

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Respiratory

Have questions about Common Cold?

Ask Mother Nature AI for personalized, evidence-based guidance.

Ask about Common Cold

Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.