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RespiratoryICD-10: J30.1Affects 10-30% of the global population

Allergic Rhinitis

Also known as: Hay Fever, Seasonal Allergies, Nasal Allergies

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasal passages triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold, or pet dander. It causes sneezing, nasal congestion, and itchy or watery eyes, and can be seasonal or year-round. Though not dangerous, it significantly impacts quality of life and may worsen asthma or lead to sinus infections if poorly managed.

Symptoms

Sneezing, often in rapid succession
Runny or stuffy nose
Itchy nose, eyes, or roof of mouth
Watery, red eyes (allergic conjunctivitis)
Postnasal drip
Coughing
Fatigue and irritability
Dark circles under the eyes (allergic shiners)

Causes

  • Immune system overreaction to inhaled allergens
  • Pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds (seasonal)
  • Dust mites, mold spores, and pet dander (perennial)
  • Cockroach droppings

Risk Factors

  • Family history of allergies or asthma
  • Having other allergic conditions (eczema, asthma)
  • Exposure to secondhand smoke
  • Living or working in environments with high allergen exposure

Diagnosis

  • Clinical history and symptom review
  • Skin prick allergy testing
  • Blood tests for specific IgE antibodies (RAST)
  • Nasal endoscopy if chronic sinusitis is suspected

Treatment

  • Intranasal corticosteroid sprays (fluticasone, mometasone)
  • Oral antihistamines (cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine)
  • Decongestants for short-term relief
  • Allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots or sublingual tablets)
  • Nasal saline irrigation

Prevention

  • Monitor pollen counts and limit outdoor time on high-count days
  • Keep windows closed during allergy season
  • Use HEPA air filters in your home
  • Wash bedding weekly in hot water to reduce dust mites
  • Shower and change clothes after being outdoors

When to See a Doctor

  • Over-the-counter allergy medications are not providing adequate relief
  • Symptoms interfere with sleep, work, or daily activities
  • You develop frequent sinus infections or ear infections
  • You suspect your allergies are triggering asthma symptoms

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Asthma

Respiratory

Conjunctivitis

Eye & Ear

Common Cold

Infectious

Sinusitis

Respiratory

Related from the Supplement Library

Quercetin

Moderate

Compound · Anti-inflammatory (NF-κB, COX-2 inhibition)

Vitamin C

Strong

Vitamin · Immune support and white blood cell function

Probiotics (Lactobacillus)

Strong

Probiotic · Gut microbiome balance and diversity

Nettle Root

Moderate

Herb · Prostate health support (BPH)

These supplements have been studied in relation to Allergic Rhinitis. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially if you take medications.

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.