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RespiratoryICD-10: J45.909Affects approximately 262 million people worldwide

Asthma

Also known as: Bronchial Asthma, Reactive Airway Disease

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition in which the airways become inflamed, narrow, and produce excess mucus, making breathing difficult. Symptoms can range from mild wheezing to severe, life-threatening attacks. With proper management including controller medications and trigger avoidance, most people with asthma can lead active, normal lives.

Symptoms

Wheezing (whistling sound when breathing)
Shortness of breath
Chest tightness or pain
Coughing, especially at night or early morning
Difficulty breathing during exercise
Rapid breathing
Difficulty sleeping due to breathing problems

Causes

  • Airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness
  • Genetic predisposition to atopy (allergic tendency)
  • Environmental allergens (dust mites, pollen, mold, pet dander)
  • Respiratory infections during early childhood
  • Occupational exposure to chemical fumes or dust

Risk Factors

  • Family history of asthma or allergies
  • Personal history of allergic rhinitis or eczema
  • Obesity
  • Exposure to secondhand smoke or air pollution
  • Occupational chemical or dust exposure
  • Childhood respiratory infections

Diagnosis

  • Spirometry (lung function testing) to measure airflow obstruction
  • Peak flow meter monitoring
  • Bronchodilator reversibility testing
  • Methacholine challenge test for airway hyperresponsiveness
  • Allergy testing to identify triggers

Treatment

  • Inhaled corticosteroids (fluticasone, budesonide) as controller therapy
  • Short-acting beta-agonists (albuterol) for quick relief
  • Long-acting beta-agonists (salmeterol, formoterol) as add-on therapy
  • Leukotriene modifiers (montelukast)
  • Biologic therapies (omalizumab, dupilumab) for severe asthma
  • Allergen avoidance and environmental control measures

Prevention

  • Identify and avoid personal asthma triggers
  • Use controller medications daily as prescribed
  • Keep a written asthma action plan
  • Get annual flu and pneumonia vaccinations
  • Maintain a clean, allergen-reduced home environment

When to See a Doctor

  • You use your rescue inhaler more than twice a week
  • Asthma symptoms wake you from sleep
  • You experience a severe asthma attack (blue lips, inability to speak)—call 911
  • Your current medication regimen is not controlling symptoms

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Allergic Rhinitis

Respiratory

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Respiratory

Bronchitis

Respiratory

Related from the Supplement Library

Vitamin D

Strong

Vitamin · Bone health and calcium absorption

Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)

Strong

Fatty Acid · Cardiovascular health (TG reduction, anti-arrhythmic)

Magnesium Glycinate

Strong

Mineral · Improves sleep quality and onset

Quercetin

Moderate

Compound · Anti-inflammatory (NF-κB, COX-2 inhibition)

These supplements have been studied in relation to Asthma. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially if you take medications.

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.