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NeurologicalICD-10: G25.0Affects an estimated 7 million people in the United States

Essential Tremor

Also known as: Benign Tremor, Familial Tremor

Essential tremor is the most common movement disorder, causing involuntary rhythmic shaking most often in the hands but also affecting the head, voice, and legs. It is not life-threatening but can progressively worsen and interfere with daily activities. Essential tremor is distinct from Parkinson's disease, though the two are sometimes confused.

Symptoms

Rhythmic shaking of the hands during voluntary movements
Head nodding (yes-yes or no-no motion)
Trembling or quavering voice
Difficulty with fine motor tasks like writing or using utensils
Tremor that worsens with stress, fatigue, or caffeine
Tremor that improves temporarily with alcohol

Causes

  • Genetic mutations (approximately 50% of cases are inherited)
  • Abnormal electrical activity in the cerebellum
  • Age-related changes in the nervous system

Risk Factors

  • Family history of essential tremor
  • Age over 40 (prevalence increases with age)
  • Caucasian descent

Diagnosis

  • Neurological examination assessing tremor characteristics
  • Observation of tremor during specific tasks
  • MRI or CT scan to rule out structural brain lesions
  • Blood tests to exclude thyroid disease and other metabolic causes

Treatment

  • Beta-blockers (propranolol) as first-line medication
  • Anti-seizure medications (primidone, topiramate)
  • Botulinum toxin injections for head or voice tremor
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for severe, medication-resistant tremor
  • Focused ultrasound thalamotomy
  • Adaptive devices and occupational therapy

When to See a Doctor

  • Tremor is interfering with daily tasks
  • Tremor is worsening or spreading to new body parts
  • You are having difficulty distinguishing tremor from Parkinson's symptoms
  • Tremor is causing social withdrawal

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Epilepsy

Neurological

Parkinson's Disease

Neurological

Hyperthyroidism

Endocrine

Anxiety Disorders

Mental Health

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

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