Can osteoporosis be reversed?

While you cannot fully restore bone to its original density, treatment with medications like bisphosphonates and anabolic agents can significantly increase bone density and reduce fracture risk. Lifestyle measures including exercise and nutrition also play an important role.

Does osteoporosis only affect women?

No, men can also develop osteoporosis, though it is more common in women due to the rapid bone loss that occurs after menopause. About 1 in 4 men over age 50 will break a bone due to osteoporosis.

How often should I get a bone density test?

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends bone density screening for all women aged 65 and older and for younger postmenopausal women with risk factors. Repeat testing is typically done every 1–2 years depending on initial results and treatment status.

MusculoskeletalICD-10: M81About 10 million Americans have osteoporosis; 44 million have low bone density

Osteoporosis

Also known as: Brittle Bone Disease (colloquial), Low Bone Density

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and fracture risk. Often called a 'silent disease,' osteoporosis typically has no symptoms until a fracture occurs. The most common fracture sites are the spine, hip, and wrist, and hip fractures in particular carry significant mortality risk in older adults.

Symptoms

Often asymptomatic until a fracture occurs

Loss of height over time

Stooped posture (kyphosis or dowager's hump)

Back pain from vertebral compression fractures

Fracture from a fall or even a minor bump

Receding gums and tooth loss (may indicate bone loss)

Causes

Imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation favoring net bone loss
Declining estrogen levels after menopause (most common cause in women)
Aging-related decrease in osteoblast activity
Secondary causes: corticosteroid use, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, celiac disease

Risk Factors

Female sex and postmenopausal status
Age over 50
Family history of osteoporosis or hip fracture
Small, thin body frame
Low calcium and vitamin D intake
Sedentary lifestyle

Diagnosis

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan measuring bone mineral density
FRAX score calculation to assess 10-year fracture risk
Blood tests (calcium, vitamin D, thyroid function, parathyroid hormone)
Vertebral fracture assessment via lateral spine X-ray or DEXA

Treatment

Bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid) — first-line therapy
Denosumab (RANK ligand inhibitor)
Anabolic agents (teriparatide, romosozumab) for severe osteoporosis
Hormone replacement therapy (for menopausal women with other indications)
Adequate calcium (1,200 mg/day) and vitamin D (800–1,000 IU/day) supplementation
Weight-bearing and resistance exercises

Prevention

Engage in regular weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises
Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake through diet and supplementation
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
Undergo bone density screening as recommended (women at 65, men at 70, or earlier with risk factors)
Fall prevention strategies including home safety modifications

When to See a Doctor

Fracture from a low-impact fall or minimal trauma
Loss of height or developing a stooped posture
Back pain that may indicate a vertebral fracture
Postmenopausal or age-related risk factors warranting bone density screening

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Menopause

Reproductive

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune

Vitamin D Deficiency

Metabolic

Osteoarthritis

Musculoskeletal

Related from the Supplement Library

Calcium

Strong

Mineral · Bone and dental health (99% of body calcium)

Vitamin D

Strong

Vitamin · Bone health and calcium absorption

Vitamin K2

Moderate

Vitamin · Bone mineralization via osteocalcin activation

Magnesium Glycinate

Strong

Mineral · Improves sleep quality and onset

These supplements have been studied in relation to Osteoporosis. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially if you take medications.

Have questions about Osteoporosis?

Ask Mother Nature AI for personalized, evidence-based guidance.

Ask about Osteoporosis

Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.