Feverfew
Tanacetum parthenium
A daisy-like herb traditionally used for fevers and headaches, now best known as a botanical option for migraine prevention. Its key compound, parthenolide, has anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet effects.
What is Feverfew?
Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is a flowering perennial in the daisy family, with small white-and-yellow blooms resembling chamomile. Native to the Balkans and now widespread, it has been used in European herbal medicine since antiquity — its name derives from the Latin 'febrifugia' (fever reducer). Today its primary evidence-based use is the prophylaxis (prevention) of migraine headaches rather than acute treatment.
Known Health Benefits
How It Works
Feverfew's principal active constituent is parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone that inhibits the release of serotonin from platelets and blocks pro-inflammatory mediators by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. It also reduces the production of prostaglandins and inhibits platelet aggregation. In the context of migraine, parthenolide is thought to stabilize vascular tone and dampen the neurogenic inflammation and serotonin dysregulation that contribute to attacks. Standardization to parthenolide content is important because raw plant material varies widely in potency.
What Research Says
Evidence for feverfew in migraine prevention is positive but mixed. A 2015 Cochrane review concluded that feverfew is probably effective for reducing migraine frequency compared with placebo, while noting variability between trials, much of it attributable to differing parthenolide content. A stable CO2-extract formulation (MIG-99) showed significant reductions in migraine frequency in randomized trials. Feverfew appears more useful for prevention than for stopping an attack in progress, and benefits typically require consistent use over 1–2 months.
Active Compounds
Parthenolide, sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids
Forms & Bioavailability
Parthenolide is absorbed orally, but its content degrades in poorly processed or aged plant material, which is the main reason older studies gave inconsistent results. Standardized or CO2-extracted products provide reliable parthenolide levels and are preferred for therapeutic use.
Dosage Guidance
| Use Case | Dosage |
|---|---|
| Migraine prevention | 100–300 mg standardized extract daily |
| Stable CO2 extract (MIG-99) | 6.25 mg three times daily |
Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized dosing.
Potential Side Effects
Generally well tolerated. Chewing fresh leaves can cause mouth ulcers and irritation. Abruptly stopping after long-term use may cause 'post-feverfew syndrome' (rebound headache, anxiety, stiffness).
Who Should Avoid It
- Pregnancy (may stimulate uterine contractions)
- Allergy to ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, or daisies (Asteraceae family)
- Bleeding disorders or upcoming surgery
- Use with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication without guidance
Pregnancy & Lactation
Contraindicated during pregnancy because of potential uterine-stimulating effects. Not recommended during breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data.
Known Drug Interactions
May increase bleeding risk with anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs (aspirin, warfarin). Theoretical interaction with NSAIDs, which may reduce its effect.
Evidence Classification
Supported by cohort studies, case-control studies, or multiple observational studies with consistent findings.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does feverfew stop a migraine once it starts?
Feverfew is mainly a preventive herb, not an acute treatment. It is taken daily to reduce how often migraines occur rather than to relieve an attack in progress. Benefits usually take several weeks of consistent use to appear.
How is feverfew best taken for migraines?
A standardized extract guaranteeing parthenolide content (or a stable CO2 extract like MIG-99) is preferred, because raw dried leaf varies widely in potency. Chewing fresh leaves is traditional but commonly causes mouth ulcers.
Can I stop feverfew suddenly?
It is best to taper rather than stop abruptly after long-term use. Some people experience 'post-feverfew syndrome' — rebound headaches, anxiety, fatigue, and joint stiffness — when they discontinue it suddenly.
References
- Feverfew for preventing migraine. Wider B, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2015)View study
- Efficacy and safety of 6.25 mg t.i.d. feverfew CO2-extract (MIG-99) in migraine prevention. Diener HC, Pfaffenrath V, Schnitker J, et al.. Cephalalgia (2005)View study
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This entry is for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement regimen, especially if you take medications or have health conditions.