Erectile Dysfunction
Also known as: ED, Impotence
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection firm enough for satisfactory sexual intercourse. It becomes more prevalent with age and is often a sign of underlying cardiovascular disease. ED is highly treatable, and open communication with a healthcare provider can lead to effective solutions.
Symptoms
Causes
- Atherosclerosis reducing blood flow to the penis
- Nerve damage from diabetes, surgery, or injury
- Hormonal imbalances, particularly low testosterone
- Psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, or depression
- Medication side effects (antidepressants, blood pressure drugs)
Risk Factors
- Age over 40
- Diabetes mellitus
- Heart disease and high blood pressure
- Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
- Smoking and excessive alcohol use
- Depression or anxiety
Diagnosis
- Medical history and sexual health questionnaire
- Physical examination including genital and prostate exam
- Blood tests for testosterone, glucose, and lipid levels
- Penile ultrasound to assess blood flow
Treatment
- PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil)
- Testosterone replacement therapy if levels are low
- Vacuum erection devices
- Penile injections (alprostadil)
- Psychotherapy or couples counseling for psychological causes
- Penile implant surgery for refractory cases
Prevention
- Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly
- Manage chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption
- Address mental health issues such as stress and depression
When to See a Doctor
- Erection problems are persistent and affect your relationship
- You have diabetes, heart disease, or other chronic conditions
- ED occurs alongside other symptoms such as pain or hormonal changes
- You are experiencing anxiety or depression related to sexual performance
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Conditions
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