CardiovascularICD-10: I10Affects nearly half (47%) of U.S. adults — approximately 116 million people

High Blood Pressure

Also known as: Hypertension, HTN, Elevated Blood Pressure

High blood pressure is a chronic condition in which the force of blood against artery walls is consistently too high, increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease. Often called the 'silent killer,' it typically causes no symptoms until significant organ damage has occurred. Regular monitoring and treatment can effectively control hypertension.

At a Glance

Common symptoms
Usually asymptomatic, Severe headaches (in hypertensive crisis), Shortness of breath
Main treatments
Lifestyle modifications: DASH diet, sodium reduction, exercise, weight loss, Thiazide diuretics, ACE inhibitors or ARBs
Category
Cardiovascular · Affects nearly half (47%) of U.S. adults — approximately 116 million people
See a doctor if
Blood pressure readings are consistently above 130/80 mmHg

Symptoms

Usually asymptomatic
Severe headaches (in hypertensive crisis)
Shortness of breath
Nosebleeds (in severe cases)
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Chest pain
Blood in the urine
Visual changes

Causes

  • Primary hypertension: no single identifiable cause; develops gradually
  • Secondary hypertension: caused by kidney disease, adrenal tumors, or thyroid disorders
  • Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Certain medications (NSAIDs, decongestants, birth control pills)

Risk Factors

  • Family history
  • Age
  • Obesity and physical inactivity
  • High-sodium, low-potassium diet
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Smoking

Diagnosis

  • Blood pressure measurement (readings ≥130/80 mmHg indicate hypertension)
  • Ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure monitoring
  • Blood and urine tests to assess kidney function and cholesterol
  • ECG and echocardiogram to evaluate heart impact

Treatment

  • Lifestyle modifications: DASH diet, sodium reduction, exercise, weight loss
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • ACE inhibitors or ARBs
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Beta-blockers for specific indications
  • Combination therapy for resistant hypertension

Prevention

  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Follow the DASH diet
  • Limit sodium to less than 2,300 mg per day
  • Exercise at least 150 minutes per week
  • Limit alcohol and avoid tobacco

When to See a Doctor

  • Blood pressure readings are consistently above 130/80 mmHg
  • You experience severe headache, chest pain, or visual changes
  • Blood pressure exceeds 180/120 mmHg (emergency)
  • You have risk factors and haven't had your blood pressure checked recently

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Heart Attack

Cardiovascular

Heart Failure

Cardiovascular

Stroke

Cardiovascular

Chronic Kidney Disease

Urological

Related from the Supplement Library

Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)

Strong

Fatty Acid · Cardiovascular health (TG reduction, anti-arrhythmic)

CoQ10 (Ubiquinone)

Strong

Compound · Mitochondrial energy production (ATP)

Magnesium Glycinate

Strong

Mineral · Improves sleep quality and onset

Hawthorn Berry

Moderate

Herb · Cardiovascular support and protection

Potassium

Strong

Mineral · Blood pressure regulation

Beetroot

Strong

Herb · Lowers blood pressure via dietary nitrates

Garlic

Moderate

Herb · Modestly lowers blood pressure

These supplements have been studied in relation to High Blood Pressure. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially if you take medications.

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.