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NeurologicalICD-10: G89.29Affects approximately 50 million U.S. adults (20% of the adult population)

Chronic Pain

Also known as: Persistent Pain, Long-Term Pain, Chronic Pain Syndrome

Chronic pain is pain that persists for more than three months, continuing beyond the normal healing time for an injury or illness. It can arise from an initial injury, ongoing condition, or have no clear cause, and involves complex changes in the nervous system that amplify pain signals. Chronic pain affects every aspect of life and requires a multidisciplinary approach to management.

Symptoms

Persistent pain lasting more than 3 months
Pain described as aching, burning, shooting, or throbbing
Fatigue and decreased energy
Sleep disturbances
Mood changes (irritability, depression, anxiety)
Reduced mobility and physical function
Difficulty concentrating

Causes

  • Initial injury or surgery that leads to persistent pain signals
  • Nerve damage (neuropathic pain)
  • Chronic conditions (arthritis, fibromyalgia, inflammatory diseases)
  • Central sensitization (nervous system amplifying pain signals)
  • Sometimes no identifiable physical cause

Risk Factors

  • Previous injury or surgery
  • Older age
  • Obesity
  • History of depression or anxiety
  • Physically demanding occupations
  • Genetic predisposition to pain sensitivity

Diagnosis

  • Comprehensive pain history and physical examination
  • Imaging (X-ray, MRI, CT) to identify structural causes
  • Nerve conduction studies for neuropathic pain
  • Psychological assessment for co-occurring conditions
  • Pain scales and functional assessment questionnaires

Treatment

  • Non-opioid analgesics (NSAIDs, acetaminophen)
  • Antidepressants (duloxetine, amitriptyline) for pain modulation
  • Anticonvulsants (gabapentin, pregabalin) for nerve pain
  • Physical therapy and exercise programs
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy for pain management
  • Interventional procedures (nerve blocks, spinal cord stimulation)

Prevention

  • Address acute pain promptly to prevent chronification
  • Stay physically active and maintain fitness
  • Manage stress and mental health proactively
  • Practice good ergonomics and body mechanics

When to See a Doctor

  • Pain persists beyond the expected healing time (3 months or more)
  • Pain is progressively worsening or spreading
  • Pain significantly interferes with daily activities, work, or sleep
  • You are relying on increasing amounts of pain medication

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Back Pain

Musculoskeletal

Arthritis

Musculoskeletal

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Neurological

Depression

Mental Health

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.