Evidence-graded guideLast updated November 1, 2026

Best Supplements and Herbs for Nerve Pain and Neuropathy: 9 Ranked by What the Trials Found

The supplements with the best evidence for nerve pain are alpha-lipoic acid (600 mg/day, with several RCTs and a meta-analysis in diabetic neuropathy), topical capsaicin (a Cochrane-reviewed treatment for post-herpetic and HIV neuropathy) and vitamin B12 where deficiency or metformin use is the cause, followed by benfotiamine, acetyl-L-carnitine and vitamin D. Herbs rank lower than nutrients here: nerve pain is one of the few areas where the vitamins and antioxidants have been tested properly and the traditional herbs mostly have not. Curcumin and St John's wort, the two most-searched herbs for neuropathy, have animal data and small or negative human trials respectively.

This page is for adults with peripheral neuropathy (burning, tingling, pins and needles or numbness, usually in the feet and hands) from diabetes, chemotherapy, B12 deficiency, alcohol or unknown cause, and for people with post-shingles or sciatic nerve pain. It is not a substitute for finding the cause. Half of diabetic neuropathy is preventable with glucose control, B12 deficiency neuropathy becomes permanent if left for more than a year, and sudden, one-sided or rapidly spreading nerve symptoms, weakness, or loss of bladder or bowel control are emergencies. See a doctor before supplementing if you have any of those, or if you have not yet had glucose, B12, thyroid and kidney function checked.

A note on effect sizes. Prescription options for neuropathic pain (duloxetine, gabapentin, pregabalin, amitriptyline) help about one in four to one in six people meaningfully, according to a 2015 Lancet Neurology meta-analysis. The supplements below are in the same modest territory at best, which makes them worth trying alongside, not instead of, medical treatment, and makes a 3-month trial against a pain diary the only honest way to judge them.

Quick answer

  • Alpha-lipoic acid — 600 mg/day cut diabetic neuropathy symptom scores by about 50% within 5 weeks in the SYDNEY 2 trial; the best-evidenced oral supplement
  • Topical capsaicin — 8% patch or 0.075% cream reduces post-herpetic and diabetic nerve pain; Cochrane-supported
  • Vitamin B12 — reverses neuropathy caused by deficiency, metformin, PPIs or veganism; 1,000 mcg/day methylcobalamin improved nerve function in diabetics in a 1-year RCT
  • Benfotiamine — 300–600 mg/day improved neuropathy symptom scores in diabetic patients over 6 weeks
  • Acetyl-L-carnitine — 1,000 mg three times daily reduced pain and may promote nerve regeneration in a pooled analysis of 1,257 patients
  • Vitamin D — a single 50,000 IU dose cut diabetic neuropathy pain scores by about 50% at 20 weeks in a Pakistani trial of deficient patients

The 9 best herbs and supplements for nerve pain

Ranked by the strength of human evidence. Strong = multiple trials or a meta-analysis. Moderate = a few small trials. Preliminary = early or animal data.

  1. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)

    Strong evidence

    ALA is the most-studied supplement for neuropathy and the only one approved as a drug for it (in Germany). The SYDNEY 2 trial randomised 181 diabetic patients to 600, 1,200 or 1,800 mg/day or placebo for 5 weeks: total symptom scores fell by 51%, 48% and 52% versus 32% on placebo, with 600 mg giving the best benefit-to-side-effect ratio. A 2012 meta-analysis of 15 trials (1,058 patients) confirmed a significant reduction in symptoms and nerve deficits, and the 4-year NATHAN 1 trial found 600 mg/day slowed progression of neuropathic impairment, though it missed its primary endpoint. Onset within 2–5 weeks is unusually fast for a supplement.

    Key evidence
    SYDNEY 2 RCT (Ziegler, 2006), 181 patients; 2012 meta-analysis of 15 RCTs (Mijnhout)
    Studied dose
    600 mg/day of R-alpha-lipoic acid or racemic ALA, taken 30 minutes before breakfast on an empty stomach, for at least 5 weeks; 1,200 mg/day gives little extra benefit and more nausea
    Best for
    Diabetic peripheral neuropathy with burning, stabbing pain and paraesthesia; also chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, with weaker data
    Cautions
    Lowers blood glucose; monitor if you take insulin or sulfonylureas. May interfere with thyroid hormone and chemotherapy drugs: discuss timing with your oncologist. Rare insulin autoimmune syndrome reported in people of East Asian descent. Nausea at doses above 600 mg.
    Full Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) profile

  2. Topical capsaicin

    Strong evidenceCapsicum annuum / Capsicum frutescens (source)

    Capsaicin depletes substance P and defunctionalises the pain fibres in the skin where it is applied. A 2017 Cochrane review of 8 trials (2,488 participants) found a single 60-minute application of the 8% patch gave at least 30% pain relief for 12 weeks in 10% more people than low-dose control in post-herpetic neuralgia and HIV neuropathy, and a 2013 Cochrane review of 0.075% cream found it modestly better than placebo in diabetic and post-herpetic pain with 4 times daily use for 8 weeks. The effect is local, there are no drug interactions, and it is one of the few options that works for post-shingles pain. The downside is the burning, which is why most people quit the cream before week 2.

    Key evidence
    2017 Cochrane review of high-concentration topical capsaicin, 8 RCTs (Derry)
    Studied dose
    0.025–0.075% cream applied 3–4 times daily to the painful area for 8 weeks, or a prescription 8% patch applied once for 30–60 minutes every 3 months
    Best for
    Localised nerve pain: post-herpetic neuralgia, painful diabetic feet, a single nerve territory
    Cautions
    Wear gloves, keep away from eyes and mucous membranes, and expect burning for the first 1–2 weeks of cream use. Do not apply to broken skin or use with a heating pad. The 8% patch must be applied by a clinician. Not for widespread neuropathy or children.
    Full Topical capsaicin profile

  3. Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin)

    Strong evidenceCobalamin

    B12 deficiency causes a neuropathy that mimics diabetic neuropathy and becomes irreversible if untreated for more than 12 months. It is common in the people most likely to have nerve pain: 10–30% of long-term metformin users are deficient, as are many on proton-pump inhibitors, vegans, and people over 60. Correcting deficiency reverses symptoms in most cases caught early. A 2021 Greek RCT of 90 diabetic patients on metformin found 1,000 mcg/day oral methylcobalamin for a year improved nerve conduction, vibration perception, pain scores and quality of life versus placebo. In people with normal B12, supplementation does nothing, so test first and look for a level under 300 pmol/L or a raised methylmalonic acid.

    Key evidence
    2021 1-year RCT of methylcobalamin in diabetic neuropathy (Didangelos), 90 patients
    Studied dose
    1,000 mcg/day oral methylcobalamin or cyanocobalamin, or 1,000 mcg intramuscular injections weekly then monthly if deficiency is severe or absorption is impaired, for at least 3–6 months
    Best for
    Anyone with neuropathy who takes metformin or a PPI, is vegan or over 60, or has a B12 under 300 pmol/L
    Cautions
    Essentially non-toxic. Get the level tested before starting, because supplementation masks the diagnosis. High-dose folic acid without B12 can worsen B12-related nerve damage. Rare acne-like rash at high doses.
    Full Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) profile

  4. Benfotiamine

    Moderate evidence

    Benfotiamine is a fat-soluble form of thiamine (B1) with about 5 times the bioavailability, which blocks several glucose-damage pathways in nerves. The BENDIP trial randomised 181 diabetic patients to 300 mg, 600 mg or placebo for 6 weeks: neuropathy symptom scores improved significantly more at 600 mg, with pain the symptom that responded best. An earlier 3-week trial found a 3-point improvement in neuropathy score versus placebo, and a 2008 trial combining benfotiamine with B6 and B12 reported better vibration perception. A 2016 Cochrane review of thiamine for neuropathy was inconclusive because the trials are short and small. Thiamine deficiency itself (common with heavy drinking and after bariatric surgery) causes neuropathy that benfotiamine directly treats.

    Key evidence
    BENDIP RCT (Stracke, 2008), 181 patients
    Studied dose
    300 mg twice daily (600 mg/day) with meals for 6 weeks, then 150–300 mg/day maintenance
    Best for
    Diabetic neuropathy with pain as the main symptom, alcohol-related neuropathy, and anyone with low thiamine intake
    Cautions
    Very well tolerated; rare skin rash. No significant drug interactions, though it may enhance the glucose-lowering effect of diabetes drugs slightly. Pregnancy data are limited to ordinary thiamine doses.
    Full Benfotiamine profile

  5. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR)

    Moderate evidence

    Two 1-year RCTs pooled in a 2005 analysis of 1,257 diabetic patients found 1,000 mg three times daily reduced pain scores and improved nerve fibre regeneration on biopsy, with the pain benefit clearest in people whose neuropathy was less than 10 years old. A 2019 Cochrane review rated the evidence as very low quality and noted that a 2013 trial in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy found ALCAR made things worse over 24 weeks. So: possibly useful for diabetic and HIV-related neuropathy, not for chemotherapy neuropathy, and the trials are old and mostly from the manufacturer. A reasonable third-line choice after ALA and B-vitamins.

    Key evidence
    2005 pooled analysis of two 52-week RCTs (Sima), 1,257 patients
    Studied dose
    500–1,000 mg two to three times daily (1,500–3,000 mg/day), for at least 6 months
    Best for
    Diabetic or HIV-related neuropathy diagnosed within the last 10 years, especially with low mood or fatigue
    Cautions
    Do not use for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (worsened it in a 409-patient trial). May increase the effect of warfarin and acenocoumarol. Can cause agitation, insomnia and fishy odour. Check with a doctor if you have hypothyroidism or epilepsy.
    Full Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) profile

  6. Vitamin D

    Moderate evidenceCholecalciferol (D3)

    Vitamin D deficiency is more common in people with diabetic neuropathy than in diabetics without it, and vitamin D receptors are present in sensory nerves. A 2016 Pakistani trial gave a single 50,000 IU intramuscular dose to 143 patients with painful diabetic neuropathy and low vitamin D: pain scores fell by about 50% at 20 weeks, though there was no placebo group. A 2019 RCT of 67 patients found 50,000 IU weekly for 8 weeks reduced neuropathy symptom scores versus placebo. A 2021 meta-analysis of 5 trials concluded vitamin D probably reduces pain in deficient patients. The data are weaker than for ALA but the intervention is cheap, and deficiency should be corrected anyway.

    Key evidence
    2016 open-label trial of high-dose vitamin D in painful diabetic neuropathy (Basit), 143 patients
    Studied dose
    2,000–4,000 IU/day vitamin D3 with food for 3 months if 25(OH)D is under 50 nmol/L, then 1,000–2,000 IU/day; weekly 50,000 IU under supervision for severe deficiency
    Best for
    Diabetic neuropathy in anyone with a 25(OH)D under 50 nmol/L, which is most people with the condition
    Cautions
    Doses above 4,000 IU/day long term can raise blood calcium; avoid repeated megadoses without blood tests. Check levels with sarcoidosis, kidney stones or hyperparathyroidism. No effect expected if you are already replete.
    Full Vitamin D profile

  7. Magnesium

    Preliminary evidence

    Magnesium blocks NMDA receptors involved in pain sensitisation, which is why intravenous magnesium reduces post-herpetic neuralgia pain in small studies. Oral evidence is thinner: a 2013 RCT of 45 patients with post-herpetic neuralgia found no benefit from oral magnesium, while a 2016 study found low serum magnesium correlated with more severe diabetic neuropathy and a small 2012 trial reported improved nerve conduction in diabetics with low magnesium after 5 months of 300 mg/day. For chemotherapy neuropathy, calcium-magnesium infusions were negative in a large 2014 trial. Helpful if you are low (common in diabetes, with PPIs and diuretics) and for the muscle cramps that accompany neuropathy; not a direct painkiller.

    Key evidence
    2012 trial of oral magnesium in magnesium-deficient diabetics with neuropathy (small, open-label); negative 2013 RCT in post-herpetic neuralgia
    Studied dose
    300–400 mg elemental magnesium/day as glycinate or citrate with the evening meal, for 3–5 months
    Best for
    Neuropathy with cramps, restless legs or poor sleep, and anyone on a PPI, diuretic or metformin
    Cautions
    Loose stools at higher doses. Separate from quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics and from bisphosphonates by 4 hours. Avoid in kidney disease without medical advice, which is relevant since diabetic neuropathy and kidney disease often co-exist.
    Full Magnesium profile

  8. Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)

    Preliminary evidence

    Omega-3 fatty acids are incorporated into nerve membranes and resolve inflammation, and animal studies show nerve regeneration. In humans the data are early. A 2017 Canadian pilot of 40 people with type 1 diabetes found 750 mg EPA+DHA (as seal oil) daily for 12 months increased corneal nerve fibre length by 29%, a validated marker of small-fibre regeneration, though symptoms did not change significantly. A 2012 trial of 46 women with chemotherapy neuropathy found 640 mg three times daily during paclitaxel reduced the incidence of neuropathy from 60% to 30%. Promising for nerve structure; unproven for pain.

    Key evidence
    2017 open-label study of omega-3 and corneal nerve regeneration in type 1 diabetes (Lewis), 40 participants
    Studied dose
    1–2 g/day EPA+DHA with meals, for at least 6–12 months
    Best for
    Early diabetic or chemotherapy neuropathy where the goal is slowing progression rather than quick pain relief
    Cautions
    Above 3 g/day increases bleeding; discuss with your doctor if on anticoagulants or antiplatelets. May raise atrial fibrillation risk slightly at high doses. Choose a product tested for oxidation.
    Full Omega-3 (EPA/DHA) profile

  9. Curcumin

    Preliminary evidenceCurcuma longa (isolated curcuminoids)

    Curcumin reduces neuropathic pain behaviour in dozens of rodent studies via NF-kB and TRPV1 pathways, which is why it is heavily marketed for nerve pain. Human data are thin: a 2019 RCT of 80 patients with diabetic neuropathy found 80 mg/day of a nanocurcumin for 8 weeks reduced neuropathy severity scores and glucose versus placebo, and a 2017 trial in 160 chemotherapy patients reported less sensory neuropathy with a curcumin-containing supplement, but neither has been replicated. A 2021 meta-analysis of curcumin for pain found benefits mostly in osteoarthritis, not nerve pain. Worth a try for its anti-inflammatory and glucose effects if you have diabetic neuropathy, with expectations set low.

    Key evidence
    2019 RCT of nanocurcumin in diabetic neuropathy (Asadi), 80 patients
    Studied dose
    500–1,000 mg/day of a bioavailable curcumin extract (with piperine, or a phytosome or nanoparticle form) with meals, for 8–12 weeks
    Best for
    Diabetic neuropathy with coexisting joint pain or raised inflammatory markers
    Cautions
    Antiplatelet effect: discuss with your doctor if on warfarin, apixaban or aspirin, and stop 2 weeks before surgery. Piperine-containing products raise the levels of many drugs. Can cause reflux and, rarely, liver injury with high-dose extracts. Avoid with gallstones.
    Full Curcumin profile

How to choose

  • Find the cause first: a fasting glucose or HbA1c, B12, thyroid, kidney function and (if you drink) thiamine. If B12 is under 300 pmol/L or you take metformin, B12 is the first and possibly only supplement you need.
  • For painful diabetic neuropathy, alpha-lipoic acid 600 mg/day is the best-evidenced oral option and works within 2–5 weeks; add benfotiamine 600 mg/day if pain persists at 6 weeks, and correct vitamin D if low.
  • For nerve pain in one area (post-shingles, a single foot, a scar), topical capsaicin cream is the only option here that targets the site, and it has no interactions with your other medication.
  • For chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, the evidence is weakest: ALA and omega-3 have small positive trials, acetyl-L-carnitine made it worse, and your oncologist should approve anything you take during treatment because antioxidants may interfere with some drugs.
  • Take no more than 2–3 of these at once, keep a 0–10 pain diary, and review at 8–12 weeks: a product that has not changed your score by at least 2 points is not working and should be stopped.
  • If pain is severe, sleep-wrecking or spreading, do not spend months on supplements: duloxetine, pregabalin and amitriptyline have far more evidence, and early treatment of the cause (glucose, B12, alcohol) is what prevents permanent damage.

What to skip

High-dose vitamin B6 'nerve support' formulas

B6 is the one vitamin that causes neuropathy. Doses above 50–100 mg/day for months produce a sensory neuropathy that looks exactly like the one you are trying to treat, and nerve-support products commonly contain 50–100 mg. The NIH upper limit is 100 mg/day; there is no neuropathy trial supporting B6 beyond correcting a deficiency, which is rare.

St John's wort

The one placebo-controlled crossover trial in 54 patients with painful polyneuropathy found no significant pain reduction, and St John's wort interacts with antidepressants, anticoagulants, diabetes drugs and dozens of others. The nerve-pain claim rests on folklore and a rat study.

Oral CBD and hemp oils

A 2018 Cochrane review of cannabis-based medicines for neuropathic pain found low-quality evidence of modest benefit for THC-containing products, and none at all for CBD alone. Shop-bought CBD oils deliver a fraction of any studied dose and frequently mis-state their content.

Homeopathic 'nerve pain' pills and electrical pulse devices sold online

Neither has a controlled trial showing benefit beyond placebo for peripheral neuropathy, and the devices are not the TENS units used in clinics. Money spent here delays treatment that could prevent permanent nerve loss.

Safety and when to see a clinician

  • See a clinician urgently if nerve symptoms came on over hours or days, affect one side only, are spreading upward from the feet quickly, come with weakness, or with loss of bladder or bowel control: Guillain-Barré syndrome, spinal cord compression and stroke present this way.
  • See a clinician promptly if you have numbness in the feet and diabetes (foot ulcers and amputation follow unnoticed injuries), if you have not had B12, glucose and thyroid tested, or if nerve pain has lasted more than a few weeks without a known cause.
  • Diabetes drugs: alpha-lipoic acid, benfotiamine, curcumin and vitamin D all lower glucose a little. Monitor more often for the first weeks, especially on insulin or sulfonylureas.
  • Blood thinners: curcumin, omega-3 and acetyl-L-carnitine increase bleeding tendency or warfarin effect. Tell your prescriber and stop 1–2 weeks before surgery.
  • Chemotherapy: do not take acetyl-L-carnitine during or after taxane chemotherapy (it worsened neuropathy), and clear antioxidants such as ALA, curcumin and high-dose vitamin E with your oncologist, because they may reduce the effect of some drugs.
  • Thyroid: alpha-lipoic acid and carnitine can reduce the effect of thyroid hormone; if you take levothyroxine, recheck TSH after 3 months. Pregnancy data for ALA, benfotiamine and ALCAR are inadequate, so avoid them unless a doctor advises.

What matters as much as any herb

  • Glucose control is the only intervention proven to prevent diabetic neuropathy and slow its progression: each 1% drop in HbA1c reduces microvascular complications by about 25–35%, more than any supplement above.
  • Stop drinking if alcohol is a possible cause: alcoholic neuropathy is caused by both the alcohol and the thiamine deficiency it produces, and it partly reverses with abstinence and B-vitamins within 6–12 months.
  • Walk or cycle for 150 minutes a week: a 2012 trial found 10 weeks of supervised aerobic and strength exercise improved nerve fibre density and reduced pain in diabetic neuropathy, and exercise improves balance, which neuropathy destroys.
  • Check your feet daily and wear fitted shoes if you have numbness: the biggest harm from neuropathy is not pain but the unnoticed blister that becomes an ulcer. A podiatry review once a year is standard for diabetic neuropathy.
  • Sleep and mood amplify pain: neuropathic pain is 2–3 times worse in people with insomnia and depression, which is one reason duloxetine and amitriptyline work. Treat sleep as part of the pain plan.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best supplement for nerve pain?

Alpha-lipoic acid, 600 mg/day, has the strongest evidence for diabetic neuropathy, with symptom scores roughly halved in 5 weeks in the SYDNEY 2 trial and a 15-trial meta-analysis in agreement. For localised nerve pain such as post-shingles pain, topical capsaicin is better supported. And if your B12 is low or you take metformin, B12 is the first thing to correct because that neuropathy can become permanent.

How much alpha lipoic acid should I take for neuropathy?

600 mg once daily, 30 minutes before breakfast on an empty stomach, is the dose with the best balance of benefit and side effects in the SYDNEY 2 trial; 1,200 and 1,800 mg gave no extra relief and more nausea. Expect to notice a difference within 2–5 weeks, and continue for at least 3–6 months, since the 4-year NATHAN 1 trial suggests ongoing use slows progression.

Can B12 deficiency cause neuropathy and does B12 fix it?

Yes. B12 deficiency damages the myelin sheath and causes tingling, numbness, burning and unsteadiness, usually starting in the feet. It is common in people on metformin or acid-suppressing drugs, vegans and the over-60s. Oral 1,000 mcg/day or injections reverse early damage over 3–12 months; damage present for more than a year may be permanent, which is why testing early matters. B12 does nothing if your level is normal.

Which herbs help nerve pain?

Honestly, few have human evidence. Capsaicin from chilli peppers is the best-supported, applied to the skin. Curcumin has one small positive trial in diabetic neuropathy. St John's wort failed its only trial, and most 'nerve support' herbs (skullcap, lion's mane, corydalis) have animal data only. The vitamins and antioxidants on this page have far more trials than the herbs.

How long do supplements take to work for neuropathy?

Alpha-lipoic acid and capsaicin cream are the fastest, at 2–5 weeks. Benfotiamine showed effects at 6 weeks. B12 repair of deficiency takes 3–12 months. Acetyl-L-carnitine, omega-3 and vitamin D trials ran 6–12 months and measured nerve structure as much as pain. Keep a pain diary and stop anything that has not helped by 12 weeks.

Can supplements reverse nerve damage or just mask pain?

Some do both, within limits. B12 repletion reverses deficiency neuropathy caught within a year. Acetyl-L-carnitine and omega-3 increased nerve fibre regeneration on biopsy and corneal imaging in trials, and ALA slowed progression over 4 years. None rebuilds long-standing severe damage, and none works while the cause (high glucose, alcohol, a toxic drug) continues.

Is it safe to take alpha lipoic acid with diabetes medication?

Yes for most people, but ALA improves insulin sensitivity and can lower glucose, so if you take insulin or a sulfonylurea (gliclazide, glimepiride) check your readings more often in the first 2 weeks and expect your doctor may reduce the dose. It is compatible with metformin. If you are unsure about your combination, ask AskMN or your pharmacist.

References

  1. Ziegler D, Ametov A, Barinov A, et al.. Oral treatment with alpha-lipoic acid improves symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy: the SYDNEY 2 trial. Diabetes Care (2006)View source
  2. Ziegler D, Low PA, Litchy WJ, et al.. Efficacy and safety of antioxidant treatment with alpha-lipoic acid over 4 years in diabetic polyneuropathy: the NATHAN 1 trial. Diabetes Care (2011)View source
  3. Mijnhout GS, Kollen BJ, Alkhalaf A, et al.. Alpha lipoic acid for symptomatic peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Endocrinology (2012)View source
  4. Derry S, Rice AS, Cole P, et al.. Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2017)View source
  5. Didangelos T, Karlafti E, Kotzakioulafi E, et al.. Vitamin B12 supplementation in diabetic neuropathy: a 1-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients (2021)View source
  6. Stracke H, Gaus W, Achenbach U, et al.. Benfotiamine in diabetic polyneuropathy (BENDIP): results of a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes (2008)View source
  7. Rolim LC, da Silva EM, Flumignan RL, et al.. Acetyl-L-carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2019)View source
  8. Sima AA, Calvani M, Mehra M, Amato A. Acetyl-L-carnitine improves pain, nerve regeneration, and vibratory perception in patients with chronic diabetic neuropathy: an analysis of two randomized placebo-controlled trials. Diabetes Care (2005)View source
  9. Basit A, Basit KA, Fawwad A, et al.. Vitamin D for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care (2016)View source
  10. Finnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, et al.. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurology (2015)View source
  11. Vitamin B6: fact sheet for health professionals. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements (2023)View source
  12. Vitamin B12: fact sheet for health professionals. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements (2024)View source

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This guide is educational and is not medical advice. Herbs and supplements can interact with prescription medicines and are not regulated like drugs. Talk with a clinician or pharmacist before starting anything new, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, have a chronic condition, or take medication.