Skip to main content
Mother Nature AI
NeurologicalICD-10: G30.9Affects approximately 6.7 million Americans aged 65 and older

Alzheimer's Disease

Also known as: Alzheimer's, AD, Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases. It gradually destroys memory, thinking skills, and the ability to carry out daily tasks as abnormal protein deposits (amyloid plaques and tau tangles) damage brain cells. There is currently no cure, but treatments can temporarily slow symptom progression and improve quality of life.

Symptoms

Memory loss that disrupts daily life
Difficulty planning or solving problems
Confusion about time, place, or familiar surroundings
Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships
Problems with speaking or writing
Misplacing things and inability to retrace steps
Decreased or poor judgment
Withdrawal from social activities
Changes in mood and personality
Difficulty completing familiar tasks

Causes

  • Accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques between brain cells
  • Formation of tau protein tangles inside neurons
  • Genetic mutations (APP, PSEN1, PSEN2 in early-onset)
  • Complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors

Risk Factors

  • Advanced age (greatest risk factor)
  • Family history of Alzheimer's disease
  • Carrying the APOE-e4 gene variant
  • History of head trauma
  • Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity
  • Low levels of education and social engagement

Diagnosis

  • Comprehensive cognitive and neuropsychological testing
  • Brain imaging (MRI, PET scans) to detect atrophy or amyloid deposits
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis for biomarkers
  • Blood tests to rule out other causes of dementia
  • Detailed medical and family history review

Treatment

  • Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine)
  • NMDA receptor antagonist (memantine)
  • Anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies (lecanemab, aducanumab)
  • Cognitive stimulation and occupational therapy
  • Caregiver support and education
  • Management of behavioral symptoms with appropriate medications

Prevention

  • Engage in regular physical exercise
  • Maintain a heart-healthy diet (Mediterranean or MIND diet)
  • Stay mentally and socially active
  • Manage cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes)
  • Get adequate sleep and treat sleep disorders
  • Protect your head from injury

When to See a Doctor

  • You or a loved one experiences progressive memory loss affecting daily life
  • Confusion or disorientation occurs in familiar settings
  • Personality or behavioral changes develop without explanation
  • Difficulty with language, reasoning, or judgment worsens over time

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Dementia

Neurological

Depression

Mental Health

Parkinson's Disease

Neurological

Have questions about Alzheimer's Disease?

Ask Mother Nature AI for personalized, evidence-based guidance.

Ask about Alzheimer's Disease

Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.