DermatologicalICD-10: L85.3Extremely common, especially in older adults and dry climates

Dry Skin

Also known as: Xerosis, Xeroderma, Dehydrated skin

Dry skin (xerosis) is a very common condition in which the skin loses moisture and its protective barrier, becoming rough, flaky, tight, and sometimes itchy or cracked. It is usually caused by environmental factors like cold, dry air, hot showers, and harsh soaps, and it becomes more common with age. While typically harmless, severe or persistent dry skin can crack, become inflamed, or signal an underlying condition such as eczema or hypothyroidism.

Symptoms

Rough, flaky, or scaly skin
A feeling of tightness, especially after washing
Itching
Fine lines or cracks in the skin
Redness or gray, ashy appearance
Cracked, sometimes bleeding skin in severe cases

Causes

  • Cold, dry weather and low humidity
  • Hot showers and baths
  • Harsh soaps, detergents, and over-washing
  • Aging skin that produces less oil
  • Underlying conditions (eczema, psoriasis, hypothyroidism, diabetes)

Risk Factors

  • Older age
  • Living in cold or dry climates
  • Frequent hand washing or bathing in hot water
  • Occupations involving water, chemicals, or frequent cleaning
  • Skin conditions like eczema

Diagnosis

  • Visual examination of the skin
  • Review of skincare habits and environment
  • Testing for underlying conditions (thyroid, diabetes) if severe or unexplained

Treatment

  • Frequent use of thick moisturizers, especially after bathing
  • Gentle, fragrance-free cleansers instead of harsh soaps
  • Lukewarm (not hot) showers kept short
  • Humidifiers in dry indoor air
  • Ointments with ceramides, glycerin, or petrolatum for severe dryness
  • Treating any underlying skin or medical condition

Prevention

  • Moisturize daily, particularly right after bathing
  • Use gentle cleansers and avoid over-washing
  • Take shorter, lukewarm showers
  • Use a humidifier in winter
  • Protect skin from wind and cold

When to See a Doctor

  • Dry skin doesn't improve with regular moisturizing
  • Skin becomes very red, inflamed, or cracked and painful
  • Itching disrupts sleep or daily life
  • Dryness is widespread and unexplained (may indicate an internal cause)

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Eczema

Dermatological

Psoriasis

Dermatological

Dermatitis

Dermatological

Hypothyroidism

Endocrine

Related from the Supplement Library

Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)

Strong

Fatty Acid · Cardiovascular health (TG reduction, anti-arrhythmic)

Astaxanthin

Preliminary

Compound · Powerful antioxidant (protects cells from oxidative stress)

Hyaluronic Acid

Moderate

Compound · Joint lubrication and pain relief

Collagen Peptides

Moderate

Compound · Skin elasticity, hydration, and anti-aging

Vitamin E

Moderate

Vitamin · Cell membrane antioxidant protection

These supplements have been studied in relation to Dry Skin. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially if you take medications.

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.