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Mental HealthICD-10: G47.0Chronic insomnia affects approximately 10–15% of the adult population

Insomnia

Also known as: Sleeplessness, Sleep Disorder, Chronic Insomnia

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early. It can be acute (short-term) or chronic (3+ nights per week for 3+ months). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is considered the first-line treatment.

Symptoms

Difficulty falling asleep at bedtime
Waking up frequently during the night
Waking up too early and unable to fall back asleep
Not feeling rested after sleep
Daytime fatigue and sleepiness
Irritability, anxiety, or depression
Difficulty concentrating or remembering
Increased errors or accidents

Causes

  • Stress, anxiety, and worry
  • Poor sleep habits and irregular schedules
  • Mental health disorders (depression, anxiety, PTSD)
  • Medical conditions causing pain or discomfort
  • Medications (stimulants, certain antidepressants, corticosteroids)
  • Caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine use

Risk Factors

  • Female sex (hormonal changes)
  • Age over 60
  • High stress levels or major life changes
  • Irregular work schedules (shift work)
  • Mental health disorders
  • Sedentary lifestyle

Diagnosis

  • Clinical interview and sleep history assessment
  • Sleep diary for 1–2 weeks
  • Validated questionnaires (Insomnia Severity Index)
  • Polysomnography if other sleep disorders are suspected
  • Actigraphy (wearable device tracking sleep patterns)

Treatment

  • Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) — first-line treatment
  • Sleep restriction therapy
  • Stimulus control therapy
  • Relaxation techniques and mindfulness
  • Short-term sleep medications when CBT-I is insufficient
  • Treatment of underlying conditions

Prevention

  • Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
  • Create a cool, dark, quiet sleep environment
  • Avoid screens for 1 hour before bed
  • Limit caffeine after noon and avoid alcohol before bed
  • Exercise regularly, but not within 2–3 hours of bedtime

When to See a Doctor

  • Insomnia persists for more than a few weeks
  • Daytime sleepiness impairs work, driving, or daily activities
  • Insomnia is accompanied by mood changes or anxiety
  • You suspect a medical condition or medication is causing sleep problems

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Depression

Mental Health

Anxiety Disorders

Mental Health

Fibromyalgia

Musculoskeletal

Eating Disorders

Mental Health

Related from the Supplement Library

Valerian

Moderate

Herb · Promotes sleep onset and quality

Magnesium Glycinate

Strong

Mineral · Improves sleep quality and onset

Melatonin

Strong

Compound · Regulates circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle

L-Theanine

Moderate

Amino Acid · Promotes calm focus without sedation

Chamomile

Moderate

Herb · Promotes relaxation and calm

Passionflower

Moderate

Herb · Reduces anxiety and nervous tension

These supplements have been studied in relation to Insomnia. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement, especially if you take medications.

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.