Skip to main content
Mother Nature AI
MusculoskeletalICD-10: M72.2Affects about 10% of people over their lifetime; 1–2 million outpatient visits per year in the US

Plantar Fasciitis

Also known as: Heel Spur Syndrome, Plantar Heel Pain

Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain, resulting from inflammation and degeneration of the plantar fascia — the thick band of connective tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot from the heel to the toes. It causes stabbing pain, typically worst with the first steps in the morning, and affects approximately 10% of people at some point in their lives. Most cases resolve within 12 months with conservative treatment.

Symptoms

Sharp, stabbing pain in the bottom of the heel
Pain worst with the first steps in the morning or after prolonged sitting
Pain that worsens after (not during) exercise
Heel tenderness when pressing on the bottom of the foot
Stiffness in the bottom of the foot
Pain that gradually improves with walking but returns after rest

Causes

  • Repetitive stress and microtrauma to the plantar fascia
  • Excessive pronation (inward rolling) of the foot
  • Tight calf muscles and Achilles tendon
  • Sudden increase in physical activity or weight-bearing

Risk Factors

  • Age 40–60
  • Obesity or sudden weight gain
  • Occupations requiring prolonged standing on hard surfaces
  • Running, especially on hard surfaces or with improper footwear
  • Flat feet, high arches, or abnormal gait mechanics
  • Tight Achilles tendon or calf muscles

Diagnosis

  • Clinical diagnosis based on history and palpation of the medial heel
  • Foot X-ray (may show heel spur, though spurs do not necessarily cause pain)
  • Ultrasound showing thickened plantar fascia (>4 mm)
  • MRI if other diagnoses are considered (stress fracture, nerve entrapment)

Treatment

  • Stretching exercises for the plantar fascia and calf muscles
  • Supportive footwear with arch support and cushioned heels
  • Over-the-counter orthotic inserts or custom orthotics
  • NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) for pain and inflammation
  • Night splints to maintain dorsiflexion while sleeping
  • Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for refractory cases

Prevention

  • Wear supportive shoes with good arch support
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Stretch the calves and plantar fascia daily, especially before exercise
  • Gradually increase exercise intensity and duration
  • Avoid prolonged walking or standing barefoot on hard surfaces

When to See a Doctor

  • Heel pain lasting more than 2 weeks despite home treatment
  • Pain severe enough to limit daily activities
  • Numbness or tingling in the foot
  • Heel pain with swelling, redness, or bruising

Frequently Asked Questions

Related Conditions

Osteoarthritis

Musculoskeletal

Obesity

Metabolic

Gout

Musculoskeletal

Have questions about Plantar Fasciitis?

Ask Mother Nature AI for personalized, evidence-based guidance.

Ask about Plantar Fasciitis

Medical Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.

Content reviewed against peer-reviewed medical literature and clinical guidelines. Read our editorial standards.