Evidence-graded guideLast updated November 1, 2026

Best Supplements and Herbs for Fertility: 10 Ranked by What the Trials Found, for Women and Men

The supplements with the best evidence for fertility are folate for every woman trying to conceive, coenzyme Q10 for egg and sperm quality (particularly over 35 and in IVF), and myo-inositol for women with PCOS who are not ovulating, followed by vitamin D, L-carnitine and zinc for sperm parameters, and N-acetylcysteine as an adjunct in PCOS. Herbs rank lower: ashwagandha has reasonable sperm-count data and vitex a little for luteal phase problems, while most 'fertility blends' are untested. The honest headline is that supplements improve measurable markers (sperm count and motility, ovulation rate, embryo quality) more reliably than they improve the thing you care about, a live birth, and we flag that difference for every pick.

This page is for couples trying to conceive naturally or preparing for IVF or IUI. Half of infertility involves a male factor, so the men's picks are not an afterthought; sperm take about 74 days to mature, which is why every male supplement trial runs for 3 months. See a fertility specialist rather than a supplement shelf if you are under 35 and have tried for 12 months, over 35 and have tried for 6 months, have irregular or absent periods, known endometriosis or PCOS, a history of pelvic infection or testicular problems, or two or more miscarriages. Supplements are at best an adjunct to diagnosis, and a semen analysis and ovulation check cost less than most three-month supplement regimens.

Evidence quality note: the fertility supplement literature is full of small trials measuring surrogate outcomes. Where a Cochrane review or a trial with live-birth data exists, we lean on it, and the two biggest (antioxidants for male subfertility, 2019; the MOXI trial, 2020) are more sobering than the marketing suggests.

Quick answer

  • Folate — 400 mcg/day from 1 month before conception; prevents neural tube defects and improves ovulation in cohort studies
  • CoQ10 — 200–600 mg/day for 2–3 months improved ovarian response and embryo quality in IVF and sperm motility in men
  • Myo-inositol — 2–4 g/day restored ovulation and improved pregnancy rates in PCOS meta-analyses
  • Vitamin D — deficiency is linked to lower IVF live-birth rates; correcting it is sensible, proof of benefit is thin
  • L-carnitine — 2–3 g/day improved sperm motility in several RCTs, with pregnancy-rate benefit in some
  • Zinc and selenium — correct the deficiencies that impair sperm production; no benefit in replete men

The 10 best herbs and supplements for fertility

Ranked by the strength of human evidence. Strong = multiple trials or a meta-analysis. Moderate = a few small trials. Preliminary = early or animal data.

  1. Folate (folic acid or methylfolate)

    Strong evidenceVitamin B9

    Folate is the one fertility supplement every guideline agrees on. A 2015 Cochrane review found periconceptional folic acid cut neural tube defects by 69%, and because the neural tube closes by day 28 it must be on board before a positive test. For fertility itself, the Nurses' Health Study II found women taking folic acid supplements had a 40% lower risk of ovulatory infertility, and a 2016 Boston IVF cohort found higher folate intake was associated with higher live-birth rates. Men benefit too: a 2017 review found folate with zinc improved sperm count in some trials, though the large FAZST trial of 2,370 men found no effect on live births.

    Key evidence
    2015 Cochrane review of periconceptional folate, 7,391 women (De-Regil)
    Studied dose
    400 mcg/day folic acid or L-methylfolate from at least 1 month before trying, rising to 600 mcg in pregnancy; 4–5 mg/day if you have had a previous affected pregnancy, diabetes or take anti-epileptics
    Best for
    Every woman trying to conceive, without exception
    Cautions
    High doses can mask B12 deficiency anaemia; take B12 alongside if vegan or over 40. Dose adjustments needed with methotrexate and some anti-epileptic drugs. Doses above 1 mg/day need a medical reason.
    Full Folate (folic acid or methylfolate) profile

  2. Coenzyme Q10

    Moderate evidence

    CoQ10 supports mitochondrial energy production in eggs and sperm, both of which decline with age. A 2018 RCT of 186 young women with poor ovarian reserve found 600 mg/day for 60 days before IVF increased the number of retrieved eggs, fertilisation rate and high-quality embryos, and cut cycle cancellations from 23% to 8%; a 2020 meta-analysis of 5 RCTs found higher clinical pregnancy rates with CoQ10 pre-treatment, but live-birth data were lacking. In men, a 2013 meta-analysis of 3 RCTs found 200–300 mg/day for 3–6 months improved sperm concentration and motility, without proof of more pregnancies. The best-supported non-vitamin on this list.

    Key evidence
    2018 RCT in women with poor ovarian reserve (Xu), 186 participants; 2020 meta-analysis of 5 RCTs in ART (Florou)
    Studied dose
    200–600 mg/day of ubiquinol or ubiquinone with a fatty meal, for at least 2–3 months before conception or IVF; 200–300 mg/day for men
    Best for
    Women over 35 or with diminished ovarian reserve, and men with low sperm motility
    Cautions
    Can reduce the effect of warfarin; monitor INR. May lower blood pressure and blood glucose slightly. Stop at a positive pregnancy test unless your clinic advises otherwise, since pregnancy data are limited. Mild insomnia if taken at night.
    Full Coenzyme Q10 profile

  3. Myo-inositol

    Moderate evidence

    Myo-inositol is an insulin sensitiser that restores ovulation in PCOS, the commonest cause of anovulatory infertility. A 2017 meta-analysis of 9 RCTs found it improved ovulation rate and reduced insulin and testosterone levels, and a 2018 Cochrane review found it probably increases clinical pregnancy rate in women with PCOS undergoing IVF, with less ovarian hyperstimulation than metformin. A 2012 head-to-head RCT found 4 g/day myo-inositol restored spontaneous ovulation in 65% of women versus 50% on metformin, with fewer side effects. In women without PCOS the evidence is weak; it is a PCOS treatment, not a general fertility supplement.

    Key evidence
    2017 meta-analysis of 9 RCTs in PCOS (Unfer) and the 2018 Cochrane review of inositol for subfertile women with PCOS
    Studied dose
    2 g myo-inositol twice daily (4 g/day), ideally with 100–200 mg D-chiro-inositol in a 40:1 ratio, plus 400 mcg folic acid, for at least 3 months
    Best for
    Women with PCOS and irregular or absent ovulation, especially with insulin resistance or a higher BMI
    Cautions
    Can lower blood glucose; monitor if you take metformin or insulin. Mild nausea and bloating at 4 g/day. Avoid D-chiro-inositol-only products, which worsened egg quality at high doses. Safe to continue into pregnancy, where it reduces gestational diabetes.
    Full Myo-inositol profile

  4. Vitamin D

    Moderate evidenceCholecalciferol (D3)

    A 2018 meta-analysis of 11 studies (2,700 women) found women with sufficient vitamin D were 33% more likely to have a live birth after IVF than deficient women, and vitamin D receptors are found in the ovary, endometrium, testes and sperm. The problem is causation: the only large RCT, 2019's 1,364 women given a single 300,000 IU dose before IVF, found no improvement in live births. In men, a Danish RCT of 307 infertile men found 1,400 IU/day plus calcium did not improve semen quality, though it did increase live births in the vitamin-D-deficient subgroup. Correcting deficiency is cheap and sensible; expecting it to transform fertility is not.

    Key evidence
    2018 meta-analysis of vitamin D and ART outcomes (Chu), 2,700 women
    Studied dose
    1,000–2,000 IU/day vitamin D3 with food; 4,000 IU/day for 3 months if 25(OH)D is under 30 nmol/L, for both partners
    Best for
    Couples with a measured deficiency, women with PCOS or endometriosis, and anyone with little sun exposure
    Cautions
    Doses above 4,000 IU/day long term can raise calcium; avoid single megadoses. Check levels with sarcoidosis, kidney stones or hyperparathyroidism. Safe and recommended in pregnancy at 600–2,000 IU/day.
    Full Vitamin D profile

  5. L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine

    Moderate evidence

    Carnitine concentrates in the epididymis, where sperm gain motility. A 2003 Italian RCT of 60 infertile men found 2 g L-carnitine plus 1 g acetyl-L-carnitine daily for 6 months improved forward motility and total motile sperm, and a 2017 meta-analysis of 7 RCTs found carnitine improved motility, morphology and pregnancy rate (odds ratio about 4, from small trials). The 2019 Cochrane review of antioxidants for male subfertility, which pooled carnitine with other antioxidants, rated the live-birth evidence as very low quality, so a real but modest effect on motility is the defensible claim.

    Key evidence
    2017 meta-analysis of 7 RCTs of carnitine in male infertility; 2019 Cochrane review of antioxidants for male subfertility (Showell)
    Studied dose
    2 g/day L-carnitine plus 1 g/day acetyl-L-carnitine, for at least 3 months
    Best for
    Men with low sperm motility (asthenozoospermia) and no identified cause
    Cautions
    Fishy body odour at high doses. Can increase the effect of warfarin and acenocoumarol. People with hypothyroidism should check with their doctor, as carnitine may blunt thyroid hormone action. Seizure threshold concerns reported in people with epilepsy.
    Full L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine profile

  6. Zinc (with selenium)

    Moderate evidence

    Zinc is needed for testosterone production and sperm formation, and seminal zinc is lower in infertile men in a 2016 meta-analysis of 20 studies. A 2002 Dutch RCT of 103 subfertile men found 66 mg zinc plus 5 mg folic acid for 26 weeks raised sperm count by 74%. Then came FAZST, a 2020 US trial of 2,370 men given 30 mg zinc plus 5 mg folic acid for 6 months: no difference in semen quality or live births, and more digestive side effects. The resolution is that zinc helps men who are low (common with poor diets, vegetarian diets and heavy drinking) and does nothing for replete men, which describes most trial participants in the US.

    Key evidence
    2020 FAZST trial of folic acid and zinc, 2,370 men (Schisterman), negative; 2002 Dutch RCT positive
    Studied dose
    15–30 mg/day elemental zinc with food, plus 100–200 mcg selenium, for 3 months; do not exceed 40 mg zinc daily
    Best for
    Men who eat little meat or shellfish, drink heavily, or have a low serum zinc
    Cautions
    Doses above 40 mg/day cause copper deficiency and worsen sperm parameters; the 66 mg Dutch dose was an exception for a trial. Nausea on an empty stomach. Selenium above 400 mcg/day is toxic. Separate from quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics by 2 hours.
    Full Zinc (with selenium) profile

  7. N-acetylcysteine (NAC)

    Moderate evidence

    NAC is a glutathione precursor with evidence on both sides of the couple. In PCOS, a 2015 meta-analysis of 8 RCTs (910 women) found NAC improved ovulation and pregnancy rates versus placebo and was comparable to metformin, and a 2007 RCT found 1.2 g/day added to clomiphene raised ovulation from 18% to 50% in clomiphene-resistant women. In men, a 2016 Iranian RCT of 50 infertile men found 600 mg/day for 3 months improved sperm count, motility and DNA integrity, and a 2009 trial found NAC with selenium improved all semen parameters. Mostly single-centre trials, so Moderate at best.

    Key evidence
    2015 meta-analysis of 8 RCTs of NAC in PCOS (Thakker) and 2007 RCT with clomiphene (Badawy)
    Studied dose
    600 mg twice daily (1.2 g/day) for women with PCOS, especially alongside ovulation induction; 600 mg/day for men, for 3 months
    Best for
    Women with PCOS who have not responded to clomiphene or letrozole alone, and men with high sperm DNA fragmentation
    Cautions
    Nausea and heartburn are common; take with food. Can increase the effect of nitroglycerin and may enhance blood-thinning drugs. Avoid with active peptic ulcer. Safe in pregnancy at ordinary doses.
    Full N-acetylcysteine (NAC) profile

  8. Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)

    Preliminary evidence

    Sperm membranes are rich in DHA, and a 2019 Danish cohort of 1,679 young men found fish-oil users had higher semen volume, testicular size and sperm count. A 2011 Iranian RCT of 238 infertile men found 1.84 g/day EPA+DHA for 32 weeks improved sperm count and antioxidant status. In women, a 2016 cohort of 100 women found omega-3 intake was associated with a higher probability of conception per cycle, and a 2018 Cochrane review found omega-3 in pregnancy reduced preterm birth by 11% and early preterm birth by 42%. Reasonable before conception, essential once pregnant.

    Key evidence
    2011 RCT of omega-3 in infertile men (Safarinejad), 238 participants, and 2018 Cochrane review in pregnancy (Middleton)
    Studied dose
    1–2 g/day EPA+DHA for both partners before conception, continuing at least 200–300 mg DHA/day through pregnancy
    Best for
    Couples eating oily fish less than twice a week, and women planning to continue into pregnancy
    Cautions
    Above 3 g/day increases bleeding; discuss with your doctor if on anticoagulants. Avoid cod liver oil at doses that exceed 3,000 mcg vitamin A, which is teratogenic. Choose a product tested for mercury.
    Full Omega-3 (EPA/DHA) profile

  9. Ashwagandha (for men)

    Preliminary evidenceWithania somnifera

    The best herbal sperm data belong to ashwagandha. A 2013 Indian RCT of 46 men with low sperm count found 675 mg/day of root extract for 90 days increased sperm concentration by 167%, semen volume by 53% and motility by 57%, with a 17% rise in testosterone, versus negligible change on placebo. A 2018 systematic review of 4 trials concluded it improves semen parameters in infertile men, while noting that all trials came from India and none measured pregnancy. The stress-reduction and sleep effects may contribute, since cortisol suppresses testosterone. Encouraging, but one country, one lab and no pregnancies yet.

    Key evidence
    2013 RCT in oligospermic men (Ambiye), 46 participants; 2018 systematic review (Nasimi Doost Azgomi)
    Studied dose
    600–675 mg/day of a root extract standardised to withanolides (KSM-66), for 90 days
    Best for
    Men with low sperm count and high stress, as an add-on to the better-evidenced CoQ10 and carnitine
    Cautions
    For the male partner only; avoid in pregnancy and while trying to conceive if you are the woman, because of possible uterine effects. Can raise thyroid hormones; monitor with thyroid disease. Rare liver injury reports. Sedating with alcohol and sleep medication.
    Full Ashwagandha (for men) profile

  10. Vitex (chasteberry)

    Preliminary evidenceVitex agnus-castus

    Vitex lowers prolactin and may lengthen a short luteal phase, which is the mechanism behind its fertility reputation. A 1993 German trial of 52 women with luteal phase defects and mildly raised prolactin found 20 mg/day for 3 months normalised prolactin, lengthened the luteal phase by 5 days and raised mid-luteal progesterone; two pregnancies occurred in the vitex group. A 2006 US trial of a vitex-containing blend (FertilityBlend) in 93 women found 26% pregnant at 3 months versus 10% on placebo, but the blend also contained green tea, vitamins and minerals. A 2013 systematic review called the fertility evidence preliminary and called for larger trials. No reason to use it unless luteal phase or prolactin problems have been identified.

    Key evidence
    1993 RCT in luteal phase defect (Milewicz), 52 women; 2013 systematic review (van Die)
    Studied dose
    20–40 mg/day of a standardised dried fruit extract each morning, for 3 cycles
    Best for
    Women with a short luteal phase, mildly raised prolactin or PMS alongside subfertility, who are not in assisted reproduction
    Cautions
    Stop at a positive pregnancy test. Do not combine with clomiphene, letrozole, IVF drugs, hormonal contraception or dopamine-acting drugs (antipsychotics, bromocriptine). Can cause headache, nausea and acne.
    Full Vitex (chasteberry) profile

How to choose

  • Both partners should get tested before supplementing: a semen analysis, an ovulation check (day-21 progesterone or cycle tracking), thyroid function, ferritin and vitamin D decide which of these is relevant to you.
  • Every woman trying to conceive takes folate from today; add vitamin D if low and omega-3 if you eat little fish. That is the base, and for most couples under 35 it is all that is needed in the first 6 months.
  • If you are over 35, have low ovarian reserve or are preparing for IVF, add CoQ10 at 200–600 mg/day for 2–3 months before the cycle; it is the only supplement here with egg-quality and embryo data.
  • If you have PCOS and irregular cycles, myo-inositol 4 g/day for 3 months is the first-line supplement, with NAC as an add-on if you start clomiphene or letrozole; both are weaker than letrozole itself.
  • If the semen analysis shows low count or motility, the male partner should take CoQ10, L-carnitine, zinc (if intake is low) and omega-3 for 3 months, then repeat the test; ashwagandha is an optional add-on. If the repeat is unchanged, see a urologist or andrologist rather than adding more antioxidants.
  • Give any regimen a full 3 months (one sperm cycle, three ovulation cycles) and stop anything that has not changed a measurable result; stack no more than 3–4 products so you can tell what worked.

What to skip

High-dose antioxidant 'male fertility' blends

The 2019 Cochrane review of 61 trials found antioxidants may slightly increase live births but rated the evidence very low quality, and the well-run MOXI trial of 174 men given a vitamin C, E, zinc, selenium, folate and carnitine blend found no improvement in semen parameters, DNA fragmentation or live births. Single ingredients at studied doses are a better bet than megadose blends, and vitamin E above 400 IU/day has its own risks.

DHEA for every woman over 35

DHEA improved IVF outcomes in some small trials in women with diminished ovarian reserve, but a 2015 Cochrane review found the evidence low quality and no clear live-birth benefit, and it causes acne, hair growth and voice changes. It is a prescription-level hormone to be used under a fertility clinic's supervision, not a supplement to self-select.

Maca for female fertility

Maca has two small trials for libido and one for sperm motility in healthy men; it has no trial in subfertile women and no hormone effect in the studies that measured one. Harmless, but not a fertility treatment.

Royal jelly, bee pollen and 'egg quality' gummies

No human fertility trials exist for royal jelly or bee pollen, and both cause allergic reactions, occasionally severe. Gummies cannot carry a meaningful dose of CoQ10 or inositol (4 g of inositol would be a dozen gummies).

Safety and when to see a clinician

  • See a fertility specialist if you are under 35 and have tried for 12 months, over 35 and tried for 6 months, over 40 at all, have irregular or absent periods, endometriosis, PCOS, a history of pelvic infection, undescended testes, chemotherapy, or two or more miscarriages. Age is the one factor supplements cannot touch, and waiting costs more than testing.
  • Stop vitex, ashwagandha (women), high-dose vitamin A, cod liver oil above 3,000 mcg retinol, and any unstudied herbal blend as soon as you have a positive pregnancy test. Continue folate, vitamin D, omega-3 and inositol (if used for PCOS).
  • If you are in IVF or IUI, tell the clinic everything you take: vitex interferes with ovarian stimulation, CoQ10 and NAC affect clotting slightly, and some clinics run their own protocols.
  • Thyroid: untreated hypothyroidism and raised TSH (above 2.5 mIU/L when trying to conceive) impair fertility and raise miscarriage risk. Check TSH before buying anything, and note that ashwagandha and carnitine both act on thyroid function.
  • Blood thinners: CoQ10 reduces warfarin's effect, while omega-3, NAC and carnitine may increase it. Anyone on anticoagulants for clotting disorders (a common fertility-clinic prescription) should check first.
  • Diabetes drugs: inositol, NAC, vitamin D and CoQ10 all lower glucose a little; women on metformin for PCOS should monitor for hypoglycaemia symptoms when adding them.

What matters as much as any herb

  • Both partners stop smoking and keep alcohol under 5 drinks a week: smoking halves IVF success and roughly doubles time to pregnancy, and alcohol lowers sperm quality and raises miscarriage risk in a dose-dependent way.
  • Keep BMI between 19 and 30 if you can: a BMI over 30 or under 19 disrupts ovulation and lowers sperm count, and a 5–10% weight loss restores ovulation in many women with PCOS, outperforming any supplement.
  • Time intercourse to the fertile window (the 5 days before and the day of ovulation), every 1–2 days: couples who track ovulation conceive measurably faster, and no supplement helps if the timing is off.
  • Men should avoid heat to the testes (hot tubs, saunas, laptops on laps, tight underwear) and cycling for more than 5 hours a week: scrotal temperature is a well-documented driver of poor sperm quality and reverses within 3 months.
  • A Mediterranean-style diet high in vegetables, fish, nuts and whole grains was associated with 40% higher IVF pregnancy rates in a 2018 Greek cohort and better sperm quality in men; it supplies the folate, omega-3 and zinc above in food form.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best supplement to take to get pregnant?

Folate, 400 mcg/day, started at least a month before trying, is the only universal recommendation and the one with the strongest evidence for a healthy pregnancy. After that it depends on the problem: CoQ10 for age-related egg quality, myo-inositol for PCOS, and vitamin D if you are deficient. No supplement helps if there is a blocked tube, no ovulation or a severe male factor, which is why testing comes first.

Does CoQ10 really help fertility?

In women with low ovarian reserve preparing for IVF, 600 mg/day for 2 months improved egg numbers, fertilisation and embryo quality in a 186-woman RCT, and a 2020 meta-analysis found higher clinical pregnancy rates with pre-treatment. In men it improves sperm motility and concentration in meta-analysis. What is missing for both is live-birth data, so it is a reasonable bet for couples over 35 rather than a proven one.

How much inositol should I take for fertility?

The studied dose is 4 g/day of myo-inositol (2 g twice daily), often combined with D-chiro-inositol in a 40:1 ratio and 400 mcg folic acid, for at least 3 months. This is for women with PCOS; in women without PCOS the evidence is weak. It is safe to continue through pregnancy, where it reduces the risk of gestational diabetes.

What are the best fertility supplements for men?

CoQ10 (200–300 mg/day) and L-carnitine (2–3 g/day) have the most consistent trials for sperm motility and concentration. Zinc and selenium help if intake is low, omega-3 supports sperm membranes, and ashwagandha has one strong Indian trial for sperm count. Take them for a full 90 days, repeat the semen analysis, and see a urologist if nothing has moved. Megadose antioxidant blends were no better than placebo in the MOXI trial.

Which herbs help fertility?

The herbal evidence is thin. Ashwagandha has the best data, for sperm count in men. Vitex has small trials for luteal phase defects and mildly raised prolactin in women. Maca, dong quai, red clover, red raspberry leaf and 'fertility teas' have no controlled trials in subfertile couples. If you want a herbal option, pick one with a mechanism that matches your diagnosis, and stop it once pregnant.

How long before trying to conceive should I start supplements?

Three months is the standard answer, because sperm take 74 days to mature and eggs spend about 90 days in their final growth phase, which is when CoQ10 and antioxidants can affect them. Folate needs at least 1 month. If you are starting IVF, begin CoQ10 and vitamin D correction 2–3 months before the stimulation cycle.

Can fertility supplements cause harm?

Some can. Vitamin A above 3,000 mcg/day (including from cod liver oil and liver capsules) causes birth defects. Zinc above 40 mg/day worsens sperm quality and causes copper deficiency. Vitex interferes with IVF drugs. DHEA causes androgenic side effects. And every month spent on an untested blend instead of a diagnosis is a month of fertility lost, which matters most after 35. If in doubt about a combination, ask AskMN or your clinic.

References

  1. De-Regil LM, Peña-Rosas JP, Fernández-Gaxiola AC, Rayco-Solon P. Effects and safety of periconceptional oral folate supplementation for preventing birth defects. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2015)View source
  2. Xu Y, Nisenblat V, Lu C, et al.. Pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 improves ovarian response and embryo quality in low-prognosis young women with decreased ovarian reserve: a randomized controlled trial. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology (2018)View source
  3. Florou P, Anagnostis P, Theocharis P, et al.. Does coenzyme Q10 supplementation improve fertility outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology procedures? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics (2020)View source
  4. Unfer V, Facchinetti F, Orrù B, et al.. Myo-inositol effects in women with PCOS: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocrine Connections (2017)View source
  5. Smits RM, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Yazdani A, et al.. Antioxidants for male subfertility. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2019)View source
  6. Steiner AZ, Hansen KR, Barnhart KT, et al.. The effect of antioxidants on male factor infertility: the Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility (MOXI) randomized clinical trial. Fertility and Sterility (2020)View source
  7. Schisterman EF, Sjaarda LA, Clemons T, et al.. Effect of folic acid and zinc supplementation in men on semen quality and live birth among couples undergoing infertility treatment: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA (2020)View source
  8. Chu J, Gallos I, Tobias A, et al.. Vitamin D and assisted reproductive treatment outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction (2018)View source
  9. Ambiye VR, Langade D, Dongre S, et al.. Clinical evaluation of the spermatogenic activity of the root extract of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in oligospermic males: a pilot study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2013)View source
  10. van Die MD, Burger HG, Teede HJ, Bone KM. Vitex agnus-castus extracts for female reproductive disorders: a systematic review of clinical trials. Planta Medica (2013)View source
  11. Gaskins AJ, Chavarro JE. Diet and fertility: a review. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (2018)View source
  12. Middleton P, Gomersall JC, Gould JF, et al.. Omega-3 fatty acid addition during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2018)View source

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This guide is educational and is not medical advice. Herbs and supplements can interact with prescription medicines and are not regulated like drugs. Talk with a clinician or pharmacist before starting anything new, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, have a chronic condition, or take medication.